The Most Influential Moments Of The First World War

Introduction The First World War was one of the most influential moments of the twentieth century where literate soldiers fought in inhuman conditions and reacted to their surroundings through written words, most often poetry. Jessie Pope and Wilfred Owen were made famous by the poetry they wrote, about describing various war experiences. Both poets wrote from completely different perspectives of war. Jessie Pope born in Leicester (England) in 1868 was an English poet, writer and journalist who remains best known for her patriotic and motivational poems written before the first world war. These poems captured the jingoistic opinion of her culture, which was that war was full of glory that any young man could earn if only he had the courage. Pope s poetry including Whose up For the Game was originally published in The Daily Mail; it encouraged enlistment in the war and handed a white feather to youths who would not join. Since Pope was a woman, she was never subjected to the harsh reality of wa r. This resulted in her poetry fading into obscurity after poets like Wilfred Owen returned with works that captured the true essence of war which were pretty much the opposite of Pope’s view. Wilfred Owen could be arguably tho most famous war poet who ever lived. This is due to his shockingly and realistic poetry that captured the horrors of trench and gas warfare. Owen was an English poet born in 1893 at Plas Wilmont, he was later killed in action in November 1918. Owen wasAs aShow MoreRelatedThe World War And The End Of The Cold War1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Second World War and the end of the Cold War, both of which are significant turning points in the history of the First World War and have influenced the emergence of memories on the Christmas truce. It will assess how the cultural and political context of the second half the 20th Century led to new modern historiographies of the war and why memories of the truce gained ground in the 1960s, after lacking coherence i n the past 50 years. The context of the post-war period and the anti-war narrativeRead MoreJohn Lennon Thesis Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesattention during his career with the Beatles with some controversial comments. After Lennon’s time with the Beatles, he showed his political activism. He fought against the Vietnam War and fought for peace among people. John Lennon was an important figure in the late 1900’s because of his individual career, his influential songs and his political activism. John Lennon cherished music and the arts. He attended the Liverpool College of Arts when he was sixteen. One year after college, he startedRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1708 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of the female Beat writers as a whole, but today I find it important to focus on one who is still writing, still performing, and still inspiring today; Anne Waldman. Anne Waldman was born April 2, 1945 in a small town in New Jersey. She spent most of her time in New York’s Greenwich Village, a neighborhood known as an artist’s haven. Her parents supported her artistic desires, their own literary interests helped inspire her. In the 1960’s she started to become heavily involved with the EastRead MoreKhrushchev s Influence On America1543 Words   |  7 Pagesleader of another nation, he exerted the greatest influence on America during the time period. Nikita Khrushchev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964 and the Soviet Premier from 1958-1964, rose to power in the chaos after Stalin’s death. During his time as leader, Khrushchev took part in many events that defined the climate of the Cold War. In the Berlin Crisis, where a significant number of people were leaving East Berlin for West Berlin, Khrushchev playedRead MoreThroughout the 20th century there were many influential pie ces of literature that would not only1200 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the 20th century there were many influential pieces of literature that would not only tell a story or teach a lesson, but also let the reader into the author’s world. Allowing the reader to view both the positives and negatives in an author. Ernest Hemingway was one of these influential authors. Suffering through most of his life due to a disturbingly scarring childhood, he expresses his intense mental and emotional insecurities through subtle metaphors that bluntly show problems withRead MoreThe Visit By Friedrich Durrenmatt1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdollars in exchange for the life of the man who wronged and jilted her in her youth, Alfred Ill. While the impoverished town at first refuses her offer, they ultimately give into their need for money and murder Ill. Throughout the play, the author uses the characterizations of Claire to construct an allusion to the three fates from Greek mythology. The G reek fates are influential, immortal women in charge of controlling the lives and deaths of mortals. Through Claire’s characterization Friedrich Dà ¼rrenmattRead MoreAmerican Revolution1716 Words   |  7 Pagesin making a name for himself and he created the first movie or â€Å"motion picture†. Movies are a rollercoaster ride that transcends people into a whole different world fresh out of somebody’s imagination as seen through the genres of horror, drama, and science fiction. The movie business allows people to break through the burden of everyday life. Considering today’s way of life, people would be lying if they did not admit that movies are an influential entity in our culture. Movies have been successfulRead MoreAmerica During Ww II : A Turning Point1299 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica’s entrance into World War II- a war that healed and revolutionized the nation (World War†). America’s greatest success in the 20th century was i ts entrance and participation in World War II because for the first time: America was able to rebound from the Great Depression, women were given the opportunity to be strong and independent figures on the home front, and the nationwide mobilization established America as a global superpower. Initially, when WW II first broke out in Europe in 1939Read MoreEssay on La Cosa Nostra1240 Words   |  5 Pages La Cosa Nostra Perhaps one of the most poignant moments in American cinema is the closing scene in the film â€Å"The Godfather† when Don Vito Corleone’s son Michael takes over his father’s position... and one of the most unforgettable moments, a severed horses’s head lies bloody in a man’s bed. It is this tradition and brutality that characterizes the Mafia, a secret Sicilian society that lives and functions just as much today on American soil as it did and does still in Italy. To understand thisRead MoreThe End Of The Great War1518 Words   |  7 PagesIt is the Second World War, which had the greater impact on America’s place in the world and elevated the country to have a status of Superpower. However this would not have been the case without the consequences of the First World War and America’s reluctance to drop its policy of isolationism as a result of this. James Cronin comments, â€Å"the ending of the Great War was the occa sion for perhaps the grandest vision, though it’s implementation would largely fail†¦World War II offered another chance

Alcohol And Teens Should The U.s. Lower Or Rise It s...

Alcohol and Teens: Should the U.S. Lower or Rise It’s Drinking Age? Alcohol is a depressant. It slows down the activity of the central nervous system, including the brain. A debate amongst our nation has been â€Å"Should the minimum drinking age be lower than 21?† I personally do not think so. Even though at age 18 you are technically an adult and responsible for your own actions, I do not think the legal alcohol consumption age should be lowered because it causes health risks, bad decisions, and endangers others. First and foremost, I do not think the legal alcohol consumption age should be risen because it causes health risks. As a person, you should always be concerned about your health. Alcohol usage can weaken your immune system, making your body a target for bacteria and viruses. According to ProCon, long term drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much. Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to liver inflammations including: Steatosis, or fatty liver Alcoholic hepatitis Fibrosis Cirrhosis (Mayo Clinic.org). Also, intoxication is associated with suicide attempts. Positive alcohol levels are found in people who fully accomplish suicide. Alcohol is involved over a quarter of all suicides in the US (MCES ). How? Well, alcohol increases impulsivity and decreases inhibition. It increases bad self-image and lowers self-esteem and deepens depression. (MCES). Therefore, when I personShow MoreRelatedNot Lowering the Drinking Age1642 Words   |  7 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Many teenage deaths in the United States are caused in some way by the influence of alcohol; however, many people still believe that the legal drinking age should be reduced to eighteen. This issue has been going on for years, but the law has not been changed since the change to twenty-one in 1980. States have become stricter about preventing under-age drinking, but teenagers have no problem getting alcohol. There are many arguments in favor of changing the drinking age back toRead MoreLowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pageslegal drinking age (MLDA) has been going on for decades in the United States. Those opposed, argue that the current MLDA is not efficient and counterproductive (Engs 1). One study indicated that thousands of lives under the age of twenty-one are lost each year to alcohol (McCardell 1). Underage drinking is an issue that persists, despite evidence suggesting that the minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one has lowered alcohol usage among individual who are underage (Toomey 1961-1962). Teens tend toRead MoreThe Smoking Age Should Be Legal Drinking Age1517 Words   |  7 Pagesrequiring you to be over the age of 21 to consume alcoholic beverages. This law has proved itself by saving many lives and overall just having a positive outcome in the community. People say that no matter what the age limit is kids will still drink? I completely disagree, believe it or not there’s endless ways in which it can be prevented while the drinking age remains 21. Parents make a big difference and can prevent this from happening and I have to agree 100% that the drinking age has saved hundreds ofRead MoreAlcohol And Substance Abuse And The National Minimum Drinking Age Act2083 Words   |  9 PagesSince alcohol and substance abuse have come into play, along with health issues, and emotional issues in peoples lives, questions started to arise. One being the legal age to start drinking alcohol. The national minimum drinki ng age act was signed on July 17th, 1984 to the law, with the drinking age at minimum being 21 (Archer M.D.). An adult is any person who’s reached the age of maturity as directed by law (Archer M.D.). Legally, being 18 years old in the U.S. is considered to be the adult age, butRead MoreAlcohol Is Dangerous And Why The Youth2597 Words   |  11 PagesJust because alcohol is legal for those over twenty-one years of age, does not mean it is safe, or any less harmful than other substances.† Nemours Foundation found that teens that drank alcohol regularly were more than likely to have problems in school, try other drugs, and participate in delinquent behaviors such as stealing or vandalism† (Escherick). Later on in life, it recorded that they had liver disease, frontal lobe disorders, as well as short-term memory loss. These same problems are happeningRead More The Drinking Age Must not Be Lowered Essay1755 Words   |  8 PagesLawmakers should not consider lowerin g the drinking age from twenty-one to eighteen. Despite the deep value this country places on freedom, personal liberties, and personal responsibilities, the data shows that public safety is greatly at risk if the drinking age were to be lowered to twenty-one. A variety of groups believe that the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen deeming that the twenty-one law is unconstitutional. On the opposing side, people agree that the law helps to protect ourRead MoreAlcohol Is The Drug Of Choice Among Youth1692 Words   |  7 PagesCan a person be too young to become addicted to alcohol and drugs? Or why is age of first use of alcohol is critically important? There are many questions raised on consumption of alcohol when it comes on drinking at early age. Alcohol often has a strong effect on people and throughout history, we have struggled to understand and manage the power of alcohol. However, we hardly think how much alcohol is too much for us, unless we get into any kind of t rouble or shows some physical or mental effectsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana In California. To Recreationally1582 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical defenses against prosecution for certain marijuana crimes. In 2004, lawmakers passed the Medical Marijuana Program Act, which created identification cards for medical pot patients, as well as collective defenses against prosecution that gave rise to dispensaries — legal medical marijuana shops. In 2015, lawmakers moved to regulate medical cannabis from seed to sale with the Medical Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act, which establishes state-level regulation and licensing for medical cannabisRead MoreIntroduction. Currently The Legal Age To Consume Alcoholic1817 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Currently the legal age to consume alcoholic beverages in the United States is 21 years old. Alcohol is the cause of 88,000 deaths per year in the United States (CDC, 2014). The following numbers include: drunk driving, homicides with alcohol involved, and alcohol poisoning. This is a high average for the current minimum legal drinking age, and the number of deaths continues to increase each year. Alcohol fatalities are considered a preventative death in the United States, which meansRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered2353 Words   |  10 PagesDrinking Age Over the years the drinking age or the drinking laws have been questioned and changed many times. For a few years now more recently question being, should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen? Or why shouldn’t it? In the United States, binge drinking has been a big problem. Its one of the top causes for traffic tragedies as well as other health issues that come along with it, especially among college students. However since the drinking age has changed from being 18 to 21 there

Dave Matthews Band - Everyday free essay sample

Arguably the best live performing band around, The DaveMatthews Band released Everyday, their fourth studio album. Dedicatedfans had been waiting for a new CD for a while, and have stormed the recordstores since its February debut. This CD is not typical Dave MatthewsBand music. Lead singer Dave Matthews plays electric guitar on almost all thesongs instead of his usual acoustic guitar. Most people agree that the CD hasmore of a commercial and pop music sound, and the length of the songs areshorter. Although I like the CD, it is definitely not my favorite and itsdifficult to get used to the new sound. The song that has emerged as the mostpopular is I Did It, which hit stations almost two months prior tothe CDs release. The band is planning to play these new songs on their summertour. Despite the fact that its not the bands best album, you must buyEveryday if you are a Dave Matthews Band fan. We will write a custom essay sample on Dave Matthews Band Everyday or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, if you areplanning on seeing them live this summer, familiarity with the CD will enhanceyour enjoyment of the concert.

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Paper

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Paper Research paper can be defined as the culmination and final product of an involved process of research, critical thinking, organization, source evaluation, and composition. To the â€Å"untrained eye† it might seem research papers are super easy to write. What’s difficult about that? You just Google things and write them down, right? Let me tell you something, it’s not entirely correct. Research papers aren’t just about Googling things. Due to common misconceptions about writing this type of work, I decided to give you some tips and tricks for writing effective research paper. The chances are high you will have to write this type of paper sooner or later and knowing the basics will make the complex task easier. What is and what isn’t a research paper? Okay, I’ve already mentioned a brief definition of research paper and before we move on to various tips you should follow, let’s discuss this aspect more thoroughly. Research paper is a result of several processes (mentioned above) and it’s more helpful to think of it as a living thing which grows and changes as you’re interpreting, exploring, and evaluating sources regarding certain subject. On the other hand, research paper is NOT summary of the topic, book, or an ordinary essay. It is a genre which requires great amount of investigating and evaluating. The primary goal of research paper is NOT to only inform the reader what others have to say about certain topic, but also to create unique unbiased perspective and objective approach. Types of research paper In order to write an effective research paper you have to know two its two main types. They are: Argumentative research paper – includes introduction wherein you introduce the topic along with thesis statement. The primary point of this type of work is persuasion which is why it usually requires debatable and controversial topics Analytical research paper – usually begins with the writer asking a question to which (s)he has to provide an answer. This type of work requires more exploration and evaluation of the topic. Choosing and understanding a topic It doesn’t matter whether you’re a student or write for a living, you already know the drill – sometimes you get the list of topics to write about and sometimes you have to come up with your own. Regardless of the scenario, ability to choose and understand topics is of crucial importance for success of your paper. If you get the title to write about, you should: Read it thoroughly Determine what you have to analyze and explore Create a concept Contact professor or client in case you find certain aspect of the topic confusing. In case you have to come up with title, you should: Brainstorm Think of debatable or controversial events, studies, literature works, or events from politics to base your research upon Read about current society affairs Choose to explore something you’re interested in Write down all ideas you come up with Read your list thoroughly and check for type of ideas that appear the most. Remember, when creating a title for your work; don’t think of it in terms of whether it’s going to be easy to find resources on Google. The reason is simple; research paper is fluid and you may approach to it from several different angles. Plus, thinking about Google results constantly will prevent you from fully developing your ideas. Getting started Now that you know research paper isn’t a mere summary of the info you find, types of research papers, and how to come up with your own title, you’re ready to move on to the next stage – writing your paper. Although research papers aren’t that easy to write as they require a great deal of organization, researching, and time it doesn’t mean you can’t conquer this obstacle. Here are a few tips that will help you: Analyze the title you get/create a title following tips listed above Think critically Research and find as many sources as possible making sure they are reliable While researching, write down notes in order to easily create concept later Create an outline or concept for your work from introduction to conclusion Write first draft without stopping to edit or check for grammar or spelling mistakes Once you’re done with the first draft, check your work to see whether you should add something Edit and proofread Mention references. When writing a research paper you should bear in mind that information you enter, regardless of how big or small it might be, should contribute to the overall paper i.e. it should have its purpose. It is also important to be honest. Sometimes the process of researching and investigating or developing the argument throughout your paper will lead you to a conclusion that you don’t really agree with. But, instead of coming up with conclusion that is incorrect or based on facts that aren’t there, you should be honest and complete your work with integrity. And finally, don’t rush! Research papers require more organization and evaluation than other types of work and if you get a reasonable deadline to write them, there’s no point rushing in order to finish it as soon as possible. Research papers aren’t just summaries of events, Google info, or book reports. They put you in a role of detective who has to solve a mysterious murder (or some other crime). Tips from this article showed you tips and tricks you should bear in mind when writing this type of work. Once again, don’t rush, create a structure, and opt to approach the topic from different angles.

Lost Beneath the Sea ( Titanic) Essay Example

Lost Beneath the Sea ( Titanic) Essay Example Lost Beneath the Sea ( Titanic) Essay Lost Beneath the Sea ( Titanic) Essay Lost Beneath the Sea The Titanic vanished beneath the ocean on April 1 5th, 1912. What were the main causes of the Titanic tragedy, and what changes in travel safety occurred because of it? This amazing ship set sail on April 14th, 1912; the ship sank the next day (Anthony, Nicolas 1). There are now multiple rules set up, that were established because of the Titanic tragedy. Things such as; more lifeboats, life vest, iceberg warnings, etc. What would you do if you, your child, and your spouse were prepared to get on a lifeboat, but were then told sorry you cant get on together, or Sorry there are no ore lifeboats. There were not enough lifeboats, so there was no way for all the passengers to survive (Role, 5). There were only 20 lifeboats that fit a maximum of about 53 people, so only about 1,060 passengers could survive. There were approximately 2,211 passengers aboard the Titanic (Role, 3). One positive thing about the Titanic is that they had more than enough life vest. They had a total of 3,500 life vest (Role, 5). Women and children were to get on the lifeboats first, but in this order-1st class, 2nd class, 3rd class, lastly crew members. This is why more 1st class assengers survived than 3rd class and crew members. Through all this, the end result is that rules are now established that all ships are required to follow to protect and insure that all passengers have an equal opportunity to survive. What is the most focused on cause of the Titanic tragedy? Icebergs. What is an iceberg? An iceberg is a piece of fresh water ice broken off of a glacier. The iceberg breaks off of the glacier once it reaches the sea. Also, icebergs float because they are dense. Ships hitting icebergs is not rare thing, it happens often. Approximately 150 hips collide with an iceberg every year. This is mostly likely happening because they cant see the iceberg because only 1/9 sticks out of the water. These accidents are by far not as bad as the Titanic tragedy. Well you may be wondering exactly how the iceberg affected the ship. Well, the Titanic had 5 water tight compartments. This unsinkable ship was built so only 3 compartments could fill with water and it would still be going strong. Sadly the water went into all five, then up on to the next floor and all the way up. The sailor tried to avoid the iceberg, and Just when they thought hey did a little piece underneath the water got them. The iceberg is thought to be the number one reason for the disaster, but at the end of the day its Just one of the several contributors to the disaster. So what are the statistics on the passengers? Thats a commonly asked question; the statistics also help back up everyones hypothesis on the disaster. There was approximately 2211 passengers, 150 deaths, and 707 survivors (Role, 3). They only had 20 lifeboats that fit 53 people a piece. So their was no way everyone could survive, but on top of that, some of the first lifeboats to leave got filled less than half ay (Role, 4) The layout of the Titanic was from top to bottom: 1st class, 2nd class, then 3rd class and crew men. So because 1st class was at the top so they had more survivors. Here are the percentages: 1st class 60%, 2nd class 42%, 3rd class 25%, then lastly crew members 24%. The statistics play a major role in the Titanic disaster. Also, tne statlstlcs nelp support all reason Tor tne Olsaster. There was not Just one thing that caused the disaster, but several. Such as, lifeboat shortage, icebergs, etc. Tragically less then half the passengers survived, and some people helped cause this. Bibliography Nicholas, Anthony. A Fateful Inheritance: The Effect of the Titanic Disaster on Modern Travel. World history, History, 20 Apr. 2012. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. http:// www. americandailyherald. com/history/world-history/item/a-fateful-inheritance-the- effect-of-the-titanic-disaster-on-modern-travel> Hill, Brian. Database of collisons with icebergs. 22, May, 2001. New York Maritime Register. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. http://researchers. imd. nrc. ca/†hillb/iceb/ice/bergs2 Ole. html Wash, Paul. Cool Antartic . 2001. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. coolantartic. com/ index. html.

Meniscus Definition and Examples (Science)

Meniscus Definition and Examples (Science) A meniscus is a phase boundary that has been curved because of  surface tension.  In the case of water and most  liquids, the meniscus is concave. Mercury produces a convex meniscus. Meniscus in Chemistry A concave meniscus forms when the liquid molecules are more attracted to the container via adhesion than to each other via cohesion. A convex meniscus occurs when the liquid particles are more attracted to each other than to the walls of the container. Measure the meniscus at eye level from the center of the meniscus. For a concave meniscus, this it the lowest point or bottom of the meniscus. For a convex meniscus, this is the uppermost or top point of the liquid. A meniscus is seen between the air and water in a glass of water. The water is seen to curve up the edge of the glass. Meniscus in Physics In physics, the term meniscus can either apply to the boundary between a liquid and its container or to a type of lens used in optics. A meniscus lens is a convex-concave lens in which one face curves outward, while the other face curves inward. The outward curve is greater than the inward curve, the lens acts as a magnifier and has a positive focal length. Meniscus in Anatomy In anatomy and medicine, a meniscus is a crescents in humans are found in the wrist, knee, temporomandibular, and sternoclavicular joints. In contrast, an articular disk is a structure that completely divides a joint cavity.

Children of Men Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Children of Men - Movie Review Example This essay demonstrates that it is noteworthy that the only hope for the human suffering from infertility is vested in a black pregnant woman Kee. The latter, in her turn, embodies the European myth of ‘noble savage’, the person representing a more authentic version of people â€Å"surrounded by a natural environment and living according to the rules of nature† (Cornea 184). For this reason, human infertility in the film creates the opposition between people and nature because while people lose their ability to reproduce animals retain it, which is evident in the examples of farm animals in the immigrant camp. In other words, Kee’s racial identity symbolizes her return to the natural state of mankind, which is further stressed by her pregnancy as the sign of her close ties with nature. Animals are also significant in the film because Kee makes her pregnancy known to her protector Theo in the barn standing surrounded by calves. The scene takes on symbolic me aning because it equates Kee and her unborn child with the Madonna and child as the only hope of humanity. What is more, the barn scene partially explains the reason for the human-nature opposition and ensuing conflict in the movie. Kee notices that the cows are mutilated to fit the particular types of milking machines serving human needs. In her view, it would have been more reasonable to adjust the machines to nature (Children of Men). Thus, it becomes evident that the denial of nature lies at heart of infertility treated as a broad concept in the film.

To what extent today's business broke through limits of ethics and Essay

To what extent today's business broke through limits of ethics and respect towards others - Essay Example This comes with the augmentation of the need for land as a major investment asset and factor, creating a worldwide land market. Globalization and liberalization of land asset rights and subsequent promotion of foreign investments in the Tanzanian dispensation offer fertile background and chance to the contemporary land acquisition deals. Moreover, the rapid hiking of such investments triggered a huge debate in their eventual impacts in Tanzania. Since it is greatly affirmed that agriculture in developing nations is in need of exploitation and investment, there exists a controversy in the ethics of foreign involvement in acquiring these lands. Supporters argue that the acquisition and investment results into new income generating opportunities, advanced technology and infrastructural advancements in the rural areas while the critics claim evidence of rights violations, food insecurity and degradation of natural resources on land (Mteti). Introduction This report succinctly generates a n assessment of valid information regarding the acquisition of land by transnational affiliation from foreign countries. Additionally, it espouses on various cases relating to the same while questioning whether such cases reflect positive or negative ethics by both parties. Is it the Tanzanian government that does not have statutes and stipulations in place or is it the people that do not embrace economic and social transformations? The other question would be whether the foreign investors reasonably acquire the agricultural land and whether they distribute the benefits to Tanzania fairly. In addition, this report expounds on the merits and demerits associated with the practice, the ethical perspectives applied in their evaluation and eventually recommendations for the Tanzanian government and people in embracing and establishing a mutual and fair relationship with the foreign investors that undoubtedly contribute to national and global economy. Findings Driving Factors to Foreign L and Acquisition After a number of decades of low investment in the agricultural and fuel sector in the Tanzanian dispensation and other nations, the epoch of the late 20s witnessed a hike in foreign direct investment in fundamental agricultural production. The reasons behind this surge are complicated and diverse but the critical drivers can be connected to the immense increase in commodity prices in the period of up to 2008 and the knowledge that demand for fixed natural resources is normally set to augment significantly in the oncoming decades (Larsen). Moreover, the increase in food and fuel prices mandated nations that immensely rely on imported food and fuel to invest in the other countries where land among other resources are plentiful with an aim to secure supply. This obviously is one of the factors that foreign affiliations resorted to invest in Tanzania. In addition, the need for sustainable energy solutions is another strong driving factor that pushed into an increasing l arge-scale investment in Tanzania’s land sector majorly by foreign investors. In Tanzania and Africa generally, global concerns have risen to attention by large scale land acquisitions and foreign direct

Wine War Essay Example for Free

Wine War Essay What changes in global industry and competitive dynamics led france and traditional producers to lose market share to challengers from Autrala, United States, and other New World countries in the late twentieth century? All over the ages, European countries were alone on the world wine market. They have a great heritage in production and are known and appreciated in all countries. They tried to exportat their products but they had faced problems ( like transportation which is extremely expensive and wine that don’t travel well). Also, producers tried to find solutions like new packages (glass bottles in the 18th century and early the 19th) but this was done outside a competition point of view. Unfortunately, the solutions found was not very elaborated and did not allow French wine to be largely spread in the foreign countries. They did not though that this non-satisfied demand in international countries would lead them in a â€Å"wine war†. Complex national and European Community legislations (taxes on exportations, little possibility to transform the wine and to create new excisting products around it, high cost of roduction ) added to the transportation problems did not allow French producers to satisfy the needs allover the world. Therefore, some countries began producing their own wine and also developed new processus and new technologies to produce, transport and market their product. Until today, United States, Australia, Chile and other countries manage to reach good ranking in sales and good reputation of their products. Their creativity, innovations and lower prices permit these â€Å"New world† producers to follow the demand and understand the new young generations’ and new wine-drinker-countries’ demand. During this time, countries such are France was struggling with legislation and continued to think people prefer French wine because of it’s quality and it’s long tradition. They just looked at the decreasing consumption of â€Å"classic†, â€Å"everyday wine†, without changing anything in their methods until few years ago. Where French producters never did anything to sell their wine, the new producers developed very good marketing strategies, and effective distribution systems. In the same time they also increased the quality of their wine and reached good opinion in wine drinker mind. The brand power that has been developed around these alcohol products allows international wine companies to defeat the French very high quality wine.

Deanna Favre Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Deanna Tynes Favre is an American activist for the fight against the disease of breast cancer. After being diagnosed in 2004 she started the Deanna Favre Hope Foundation to raise money and awareness for women around the country. She is the wife of NFL quarterback Brett Favre of the Green Bay Packers and has two beautiful daughters. She is now a proud survivor of breast cancer and shares a strong belief in God as a Catholic. Deanna was born December 1968 in Kiln, Mississippi. She was born to Ann, a single mother. When Deanna was young her mother married a man named Kerry Tynes. Deanna was later adopted by Kerry and acquired two siblings, a half-sister Christie and a half-brother Casey. Deanna met Brett Favre, her later in life to be husband, in school. They attended the same school since early childhood. They began dating in high school during Deanna’s sophomore year, and Brett’s freshman year. They continued dating all through high school and into college. When high school ended in 1986 Deanna attended Poparville Mississippi Community College on a basketball scholarship. After attending school there for a few years Deanna transferred to the University of Southern Mississippi. There she studied to complete her bachelor’s degree in exercise science. During college, when Deanna was nineteen, she became pregnant and gave birth to Favre’s daughter, Brittany Nichole, on February 6, 1989 (Deanna Favre). Deanna knew premarital sex was wrong, but for whatever reason did it any way. She knew she was going to keep the baby from the moment she found out she was pregnant, even if it meant putting her career goals on hold. As a strong believer in the Catholic faith Deanna was totally against abortions and also did not want t... ...2. Southern Mississippi University B. Daughter C. Brett’s addictions 1. Vicodin 2. Drinking D. Marriage III. Cancer A. Breast B. Treatment IV. After Cancer A. Foundation 1. Deanna’s HOPE foundation 2. Brett’s FOREWARD foundation B. Books 1. â€Å"Don’t Bet Against Me: Beating the Odds Against Breast Cancer and in Life† 2. Bible V. Family and Life Now Works Cited Favre, Deanna.†A letter from Deanna Favre†. (29 January 2008) â€Å"Deanna Favre†. The Wikipedia encyclopedia Favre> (29 January 2008) Favre, Deanna and Brett. Personal interview by Fox. 26 September 2007 Lucero, Sam â€Å"Green Bay Packers Brett Favre and Deanna Credit Catholic Faith.† 2007 (29 January 2008) â€Æ'

Irrational and Rational Decision Making

What is irrational and rational decision making? Well first to understand what each on is individually, I believe that you should know what each word means separately. So according to meriam-webster. com, rational means, â€Å"having reason or understanding† (Rational, 2009) while irrational means, â€Å"not endowed with reason or understanding. † (Irrational, 2009). Lastly but not least, from the Encarta. msn. com/dictionary, decision making, is â€Å"the process of making choices or reaching conclusions, especially on important political or business matters. † So what do all those definitions mean to you? To me, by these definitions, rational decision making is when a person has reason or understanding in reaching a certain conclusion and just the opposite of that is irrational decision making, when a person is not able to come to a conclusion without reason or understanding. The differences are clearly stated, such as not having any reasons. versus having a reason for a conclusion For example, if the tiles are muddy, the most rational thing to do is to mop the tiles. Your reason is that the tiles are muddy. I think that an irrational thing for a person to do is to sweep the tiles. If there is mud on tiles, it’s not the same as having sand on the tiles. The mud is wet therefore you would use a mop instead of a broom. With the broom, you could pick up dry particles such as sand. It would just make more sense, rather than using a broom to sweep mud when all you will be doing is pushing around something that is wet. Decision that was Once Reviewed to be â€Å"Rational† but Now is â€Å"Irrational† Back in the early 1700 and 1800’s, arranged marriages were part of the traditional and cultural beliefs that many families went through. Though arranged marriages happened in the United States, it was most likely to take place in the Southern States. Now, in the present day, though arranged marriages still happen in some cultures around the world, it is an irrational decision. (Decision, 2008) Explanation why it Would be Considered â€Å"Irrational† Today It was considered to be rational back then because it â€Å"was the thought to keep the blood lineage of an aristocratic family line to stay pure. † In order to make marriage agreements, there is sometimes certain business arrangements that were involved. Things such as, land, money, property, and or social status were used in order to make a marriage, other than what we presently do, which is to fall in love with a person. Now, in the present, most have the ability to choose the person they want to marry. (Arranged, n. d. ) Decision Theory Used I think the decision theory that was used in the original decision making is Satisficing. â€Å"The theory postulates that decision makers compare these calculations and choose the course of action that maximizes expected utility. (Plous, 1993). In the earlier years, parents of children, made the decision to arrange their future marriages in hopes of receiving or being able to make a deal with another family. They chose a path in their lives which would then satisfy their needs and wants. When doing so, their choice is far from being actually favorable. Instead of being able to marry someone you love and of your choice, back then, there were no opinions whether or not a person wanted to marry another. It was like you were born in order for the option of your parents to be able to make a deal with another family, just to get something out of having a child. Because arranged marriage is what was ideal for certain cultures, it turned into a custom that children soon taught their children and so on. Just because you were taught and brought up learning something, doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s always favorable for both you and your parents. To your parents, it could mean getting money, or being richer in a way, and to you, it could mean having nothing at all, no option. You are just put in a situation where you, as a child had no say in. References Arranged Marriage. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http://www. youth information. com/Templates/Internal. sp? NodeID=90221 Decision Making. (2008). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http://encarta. msn. com/ dictionary_1861688906/decision-making. html Irrational. (2009). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http://www. merriamwebster. com/dictionary/irrational Rational. (2009). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http://www. merriamwebster. com/dictionary /rational Plous, S. (1993). The psychology of judgment & decision making, New York, McGraw Hill The History of Arranged Marriages in America. (2008). Retrieved February 18, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/787875/the_history_of_arranged

Alliances of Ww1

Intro- Throughout history there has been many conflicts between groups of people that have threatened peace in many nations and regions. One of these conflicts was world war 1 which involved many countries that sided with one another against each other. There were many causes to this conflict that started all the fighting between the nations. Each country has their own view on who's fault it was and if it was handled correctly. This war only caused many casualties and economic problems for countries which could of easily been avoided. 1st paragraph –Alliances were a major cause of the conflicts between countries in WW1 The original disagreement was between Serbia and Austria-Hungry over the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand. A Serb terrorist group were the ones to kill Ferdinand even though Austria-Hungry assumed it was the Serbian government who did the assassination. Austria asked Germany if they would back then up in a war if they fought Serbia. This was the start to all of the alliances in Europe. Then Russia told Serbia that they would back them up in war which now 4 countries are involved in the war.The sides ended up with Austria, Germany, and Italy called that central powers. Then they were fighting against the allied powers formed of Great Britain, France, Russia, And the U. S. All of the alliances ended up making this war bigger then many excepted it to be. Also have a reason for countries to build up their army so that they will win the war. Great Britain said that they would make their navy two times stronger then any navy in the world. At the same time the Germans were building up their own army on land. Once they started the war it was almost forgotten what had started the war and why they were fighting.Countries that had nothing to do with Austria and Serbia's disagreement were joining the war just for the chance if winning and gaining more colonies. If the battle only stayed between the Austrians and the Serbs much of this could have been avoided. 2nd paragraph There are many was that you can look at how the the war was played out. One view point of the war was Germany's and its strange how they thought about the war. At the end of the war the Germans were obviously loosing and there was no way of getting out of it. Although at the same time Woodrow Wilson had thought up the 14 points.These were rules / laws to what would happen once the war was over. Some of it stated that no one would be called the â€Å"loser† of the war. Germany was obviously happy with this because now they just got out of loosing a war badly. Also it stated everyone would lose their colonies and no one would have anymore. This was also great for Germany because they were going to lose their colonies either way, but now that other countries lose them also thats a little better. All the countries got together to discuss about the 14 points and other things forming the treaty of Versailles.Once they started discussing about the tr eaty it did not look good for Germany. In the treat it says Germany will get its colonies taken away and given to France and Great Britain. They were unhappy cause the 14 points said no one has colonies. The treaty also made Germany pay war reparations to many of the countries with great loss. The Germans did not have much money after the war to begin with and now are forced to pay money to nations who fought against them. Finally Germany had to take blame for all of WW1 which was a bit extreme the Germans thought.There are many countries that contributed to WW1 and to put all the blame on Germany's shoulders did not seem right to them. That was the biggest upset to the Germans that they were blamed for the war even though they did the same thing as the other countries in the war. 3rd paragraph – In war there are 2 different stories to the side of the war. Great Britain in the war was going against the Germans and their view point was different. Britain were the ones winning the war before it was ended. The U. S. joined in at the end securing the victory for the allied powers.Woodrow Wilson brought his idea of the 14 points to Europe which Great Britain disliked. They did not like the 14 points because they would not be given credit for wining the war. Great Britain believed that since they won the war the credit should go to them, it would only be fair. Under the 14 points it also say's that there will be no more colonies. Great Britain was excepting more colonies for them since they had won the war. This is a surprise to Britain and did not like the ideas that Woodrow Wilson had came up with.When they treaty of versailles was composed the laws were very different. Germany was blamed for the war which was implying that Germany were the losers of the war. The treaty was also intended to take away colonies except Great Britain and France were able to keep their own. This was because they were the ones composing the treaty and made it good for themselves. It turned out that since Great Britain was such a major power in Europe that they made the rules. They were the ones making the decisions at the resolution of WW1. 4th-pargraphAt the end of WW1 many countries were still uneasy with the outcome of the war. The treat to end the war was called the treaty of Versailles and this decided how the end of the war would be concluded. The conflict between the countries was definitely not resolved, there were many countries dissatisfied after the war ended. Many of these countries were upset because of how the treaty of Versailles was made up. The only two countries satisfied with the treaty were Great Britain and France because they decided what would be in it.For a fair treaty you should have all of the countries that would be involved in the meeting. Leaving nations such as Germany out of the meeting causes them to get angry and most likely disobey the treaty. If all countries were allowed to attend the meeting and speak their own opinion. This war could have been settled in a more organized fashion that would have avoid any countries being agervated. I do not think this war was resolved, but easily could have if the right choices were made during makeing the treaty of Versailles.Conclusion – History has had its many conflicts between groups of people that have disagreed with each other . The conflicts of world war 1 which we're mainly caused by alliances nations made with one another. Many reasons lead to the fighting of world war 1 . At the end of the war if the treaty that settled the fighting was fair less countries would still be unhappy . Once World War 1 ended the death and destruction that came about was incredible , all could have been avoided with more precautions.

Bilingualism in Puerto Rico essays

Bilingualism in Puerto Rico essays I would like to first write the meaning of the term Bilingualism before I first begin answering the question. According to the Encarta Dictionary it means: 1. fluency in two languages: the ability to speak two languages easily and naturally. 2. use of two languages: the regular use of two languages in everyday communication. Although the dictionary tries to define such a controversial term, I think it generalizes it and provides a meaning that barely even scratches the surface of that word. The main reason why it is so general is because it is an abstract concept. First of all, there are many factors or levels that influence the language acquisition process, the kind of exposure a student has with the language, if the student speaks it outside of the classroom or just listens to it for about five hours during the course of a week. A real important issue is to know if the new language is being forced on the student. One of the key facts of the language acquisition is to find out the cultural baggage the person carries. A psychological aspect may even play a big role, because if the persons self esteem is not high enough (due to identity crisis, personal problem, cultural pressure, etc) and the person may think that she or he is not capable of learning a different language. My personal opinion is that the concept of bilingualism is so hard to define, that I can only compare it to the abstract concept of love ( Like Alicia Pousada states in the article THE COMPETENT BILINGUAL IN PUERTO RICO). The concept is too abstract or mentalistic to be studied by the scientific method, or any other branch of science that can measure things by quantity , weight, or height. However it doesnt mean that it cant be explained. To me a bilingual person is a person that has the ability to communicate in both languages in a written and spoken way. Colin Baker, the author of &q...

12 French Verbs You Might Not Be Using

12 French Verbs You Might Not Be Using Even after nearly a decade of French classes and numerous visits to France, there were some verbs that I didnt use until I moved here and was immersed in the language and culture. Some I had never learned, while others just seemed unusual or unnecessary. In case youre in the same boat, here are a dozen French verbs that I find essential in France, even if my French teachers didnt seem to think so.AssumerTo be fair, assumer is not a verb that I use every day, but I sure hear it a lot, especially in movies and TV shows. It doesnt mean to assume as in to take something for granted (the French translation of that meaning is prà ©sumer), but rather to assume / take on responsbility for something. So its very common in dramatic scenarios, like when one character does something wrong and another character tells him to accept the consequences.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aprà ¨s son accident, jai dà » assumer le rà ´le de mon collà ¨gue.  Ã‚  Ã‚  After his accident, I had to take on / assume my collea gues role.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest toi qui las fait, alors assume  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  You did it, so accept the consequences!Conjugating assumer | Using assumerSe dà ©brouillerIts funny that I only learned this verb after Id been studying French for many years, because se dà ©brouiller is perfect for describing less than perfect language skills. Possible translations include to get by, to manage, to cope. Se dà ©brouiller can also refer to getting by in non-language situations, and the non-reflexive dà ©brouiller means to untangle, to sort out.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il se dà ©brouille bien en franà §ais.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He gets by fairly well in French, He speaks fairly good French.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu te dà ©brouilles trà ¨s bien.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You do very well for yourself, You make a good living.Conjugating dà ©brouiller | Using dà ©brouillerFaillirI love the verb faillir, partly because its not equivalent to a verb in English, but rather an adverb: to almost (do something).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai failli manquer lautobus.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I almost missed the bus.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle a failli tomber ce matin.  Ã‚  Ã‚  She nearly fell this morning.Conjugating faillir | Using faillirFicherFicher has a number of different meanings and uses. In the normal register, ficher means to file or to stick/drive (something) into (something). Informally, ficher means to do, to give, to put, and more.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a dà ©j fichà © les documents.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He already filed the documents.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mais quest-ce que tu fiches, l  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  What the heck are you doing?Conjugating ficher | Using ficherIgnorerIgnorer is another great French verb that needs an adverb in the English translation: to not know. Sure, you can also say ne pas savoir, but ignorer is shorter and somehow more elegant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jignore comment elle la fait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont know how she did it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il prà ©tend ignorer pourquoi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He claims not to know why.Conjugating ignorer | Using ignorerInstallerYou know installer means to install, put in, set up, but it has additional meanings: to put up (e.g., curtains) and to furnish (a room). Sinstaller means to settle (into a lodging), to set oneself up, to sit down, or to take hold.  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Tu as bien installà © ton appartement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youve furnished your apartment nicely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous nous sommes enfin installà ©s dans la nouvelle maison.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Were finally settled in the new home.Conjugating installer | Using installerRangerRanger means to arrange, tidy, put away - any sort of action related to putting things where they belong. (Please, no comments on why I didnt know this verb.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peux-tu maider ranger la cuisine  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could you help me tidy up the kitchen?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a rangà © les documents dans le tiroir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He put the documents away in the drawer.Conjugating ranger | Using rangerSe rà ©galerIts not surprising that the French have a verb, se rà ©galer, for talking about how delicious something is, but what is unusual is that the subject of the verb in the English translation can be different. Note that se rà ©galer can also mean to have a good time, and that rà ©galer means either to treat someone to a meal or to regale someone with a story.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me suis rà ©galà © !  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was delici ous! I had a delicious meal!  Ã‚  Ã‚  On sest bien rà ©galà © la fà ªte.  Ã‚  Ã‚  We had a great time at the party. Conjugating rà ©galer | Using rà ©galerRisquerYou likely use risquer to talk about risks, but what you might not know is that it can also be used for positive possibilities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attention, tu risques de tomber.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Careful, you might fall.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je pense vraiment que notre à ©quipe risque de gagner.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I really think our team might win.Conjugating risquer | Using risquerTenirTenir is another verb with a whole host of meanings that you might not be aware of: to hold, keep, run (a business), take up (space), and more.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peux-tu tenir mon sac ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Can you hold my bag?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ses affaires tiennent pas mal de place.  Ã‚  Ã‚  His things take up a fair amount of space.Conjugating tenir | Using tenirTrierThe verb trier is used to talk about sorting everything from recyclables to baskets of fruit.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut trier avant de recycler.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to sort (your garbage) before recycling (it).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beaucoup de ces frambois es sont pourries - aide-moi les trier.  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lot of these raspberries are rotten - help me sort them (separate the good and bad ones). Conjugating trier | Using trierTutoyerThe quintessential French verb, you can use tutoyer only when you think its time to take your relationships to the next level: switching from vous to tu. (And dont forget about its antonym vouvoyer.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  On peut se tutoyer ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Can we use tu?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normalement, on tutoie ses parents.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normally, people use tu with their parents.Conjugating tutoyer | Using tutoyerRelated lessons:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top 10 verbs  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 verbs you might be overusing

Diffrenece between FAA Regulations (FARs) and UAE GCAA Regulations Essay

Diffrenece between FAA Regulations (FARs) and UAE GCAA Regulations (CARs) - Essay Example Firstly, the certificate holders location serves as the primary contact for corresponding between the certificate holder and FAA (Flighsim Aviation Zone 2014). The regulation also specifies registration markings, the aircraft type, as well as serial numbers of all aircrafts with the authority to operate. Nonetheless, the certificate holder cannot conduct operations with aircrafts or airports that do not appear in the FAA recommended list. Moreover, the operation specifications under FAA authorize the type of operations that flight operators may engage in (Remawi 2011). The rules and regulations have provisions for authorization as well as the limitations of certain areas and routes of operations. Most important are the provisions that concerns limitations on airport operations thus recommending limits for the aircraft operators. Another operation specification under FAA rules and regulations is time limitations (Flighsim Aviation Zone 2014). There are specific requirements that limit aircraft operations to specific time frame. The time limitations concerns overhauling, checking airframes, inspection on engines, rotors, appliances, and propellers. On the other hand, the regulation has operation specifications about interline interchange of equipment. Also, important are the regulations about deviation authorization and conditions under the regulation exempts certain operations. Moreover, FAA has specific regulations about additional maintenance that the aircraft requires as well as a wet lease data or information that the regulation requires (Remawi 2011). On the other hand, the regulation recommends that the aircraft operator must check that all the items that the administrator requires are present. Therefore, FAA regulations recommend the conditions necessary for airport operations and revolve around the s afety and well-being of the flight operator and the commuters or travellers. They regulate many aircraft

Power and Politics in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power and Politics in Canada - Essay Example In addition, the Canadian Heritage oversees affairs relating to the royal family members’ visits in and outside Canada. The department of Canadian Heritage funds various native cultural objects namely languages, women’s programming, friendship centers, action Canada, arts presentation, scholarship for post-secondary students and language assistant part time package. The department also funds athletic activities, book publishing, broadcasting projects, multipurpose youth centers and museum initiatives. One of the Canadian Heritage Minister’s obligations would be to make provisions for funds in enabling institutions in other countries associated with Canadian national heritage. Also, institutions intending to purchase objects but for which export permits remain not granted would be funded by the department. Public funding follows the attainment of public authorities and designation of institutions requirements with a movable cultural property grant (Ivir, 2005). Ca nadian cultural objects remain significant in preserving Canadian traditions. Also, the activities for which public funding remains allocated have considerable contributions to the economic and social domains of the country’s economy. ... Furthermore, certain instances such as a sale from private entity and auction purchases may necessitate full funding after successful price negotiations have become achieved. Taking these requirements into consideration, it would be recommended that public funds be used to create and support Canadian cultural objects (Ivir, 2005). Canadian cultural heritage exists as a mosaic society continuously progressing into a more culturally assorted society under the influence of native Canadians as well as the Anglophone and francophone populaces. Constitutionally, the Canadian federal government shares the obligation for developing culture at the national level. In order to facilitate integrated planning and policy along with enhancing partnerships with Canada’s cultural society and the private sector in relation to cultural development, public funding for Canadian cultural objects becomes necessary. In addition, public funding would promote cultural involvement, encourage philanthrop y and voluntarism, and facilitate professional development and training in the arts. Most Canadian based arts establishments such as public galleries, museums and performing arts firms remain entirely nonprofit establishments thus making them eligible to become charitable establishments when tax considerations become considered (Ivir, 2005). Similarly, Canada’s corporate sponsorship for arts continues to grow dramatically in the previous decades thereby causing a proportionate increase in the demand for federal funding. However, only few foundations exist in Canada with the capability of supporting and developing arts activities. Additionally, the

Financial Statement on Netflix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Statement on Netflix - Essay Example Looking at the cash flow statement of the year, certain major components stand out. During this year, they bought back $90 million worth of their own stock. The buying of this stock was made possible due to the large increase in price (Houston and Brigham, p. 248). In the year 2013 and 2014, the company spent over half of the total revenues on subscription. Expenses on subscription were 57.2% of the total revenue in 2013 and 55.1% of the total revenue in 2014. It therefore means that subscription expenses increased by 14.1%. These subscription expenses are as a result of shipping off DVDs to customers. They also result from buying of content from distributors. Shipping costs include package, postage and labels. In 2013, more DVDs were shipped since there were more subscribers. The operating expenses for Netflix include expenses incurred on technology and development, marketing and administration. There was an increase of 26.3% for expenses on technology and development between 2013 and 2014. The increase in these expenses was because of need for more personnel to stream content on the internet. In terms of total revenue, these expenses were 6.2% in 2013 compared to 5.7% in 2014. Expenses incurred on marketing reduced by 8.5% from 2013 to 2014 and comprised 15.6% of total revenues in 2014 compared to 16.8% in 2013. The reduction in marketing expenses is a reflection of Netflix’s resolution to decrease its advertisements to potential customers. In terms of assets, cash and cash equivalents accounted for 94% of current assets owned by Netflix in the year 2013. In 2014, cash represented 47% of Netflix’s current assets. This reduction in cash is attributed to the company’s use of cash for short term-term investments. The company invested in corporate debt securities, asset and mortgage backed securities and agency securities (Houston

The Indian Construction Industry Construction Essay

The Indian Construction Industry Construction Essay Abstract The project mainly depends on the health and safety issues in India and UK construction industry. The Construction industry contributes most of the countrys economy for both UK and India. At the same time the issues related to health and safety is increasing in both the countries. The measures taken on workers safety are insufficient even though workers play a major role in all construction projects. This dissertation mainly focuses on the health and safety of the workers involved in construction projects. During this process the researcher has well understood about the construction industry and has collected background information about the UK construction and Indian construction industry in order to make a sufficient development in the construction industry. In this process the researcher has compared the health and safety issues of the UK and Indian construction industry. For this research, the researcher has used the secondary data research, since the methodology is genuine and it was arduous task to gather materials through books, journals and articles. Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Construction industry provides employment for around 180 million people and contributes 7% of global employment. The industry is tarnished for its reputation as Dirty, Difficulty and Dangerous the three Ds (Murie, 2007, pp. 5 7). According to International labour organization, the industry which accounts 7% of the global employment is responsible for 30 to 40 percent of worlds fatal injuries. The Construction industry is not a homogeneous sector due to its nature of work involved. It is composed of various competitive firms; the majority is who brought together for one, bespoke project before transferring to other projects. Construction industrys characteristics are in controversial behaviour, lack of co-ordination, lack of customer focus, deprived co-ordination and lack of investment in research and development. In most of the building projects clients raise their demands and cut down the initial capital and ongoing operational and maintenance costs set against an already competitive industry. Construction organisations are under pressure to develop or implement innovative technologies and practices in order to satisfy their demands (sexton et al, 2005). Construction industry has a poor reputation for lack of innovation, and for being slow to adopt new technologies. Occurrence of large number of fatal accidents and poor health and safety concern of the labourers is the main drawback of construction industry. As per International Labour Organization (ILO), in construction industry the rate of fatal accidents is 60,000 per year. Also about 30% of labourers are affected by health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders, back pains and other bone related health issues. All the construction industries are temporary in nature. In most of the projects the progress is delayed mainly due to human errors, which results in contract penalties. The employees of construction industry have a great value at all levels, in particular the construction site managers and the foremen as they have the main responsibility to maintain health and safety in the construction sites. It is very important to be updated with regards to the new legislations and recent developments (Hughes and Ferret, 2008). The main concern over number of years of health and safety issues in construction industry particularly in 2006/2007 when there was a rapid increase of 28% in construction fatalities. The legal health and safety requirements for all places are of numerous and complex. (Hughes and Ferret, 2008). 1.2 Background of the study India is the second fastest growing economy of the world at present. India has recorded one of the highest growth rates in the 1990s (P.R. Swarup. 2006-07).Construction industry in India is the second largest industry. The construction industry employs around 17.62 million worker shall comprise 55% of the unskilled, 27% skilled labour and rest consists of support and technical staff (Kulkarni, 2007). Even though there is a great increase work force, the industry remained labour intensive due to financial constraints often employs hazardous technology and relatively inexpensive this is particularly true for unorganized small scale sectors (Brindha, 2005) The construction projects often face complex situations due to bad weather conditions. Most of the workers in this industry are drawn from low income groups who face predictable occupational injuries and illness. The construction workers die from work related trauma at a rate three times higher and suffer from dermatologic conditions, hearing loss, musculoskeletal, and lung diseases when compare to workers from other industries. In particular, the national cost from lost production, worker compensation and medical care and other related claims remains very high, which contributed cost $7billion annually (NIH, 1993). In India, there are no authentic data in respect of the accident rates, and the prevention and causes taken by the industry. However, one study reported 165 per 1000 workers get injured during construction activities. This is very high compared to the rates in the developed countries and even certain developing countries (Damodaran, 2006). In India, the construction industry is regulated by the following acts. The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulations of Employment and Conduct of Service) Act, 1996. The Building and Other Construction Workers Cess Act, 1996, The Contract Labour Act, 1970. The Inter-State Migrant Labourers of Employment Conditions of Service Act, 1979. Construction workers do not get benefit under the Employees State Insurance Act 1948, but are covered by the Workman Compensation Act, 1923 (Parveen Patil, 2009). The Britains Construction Industry is said to be one of the safest in Europe, and industry is in a period of strong growth with the infrastructure and constructive sectors. The UK construction sector output is the second largest in Europe and contributes about 8.2% of the nations Gross Value Added and 8% of Gross Domestic Product and construction outputs of  £102.4 billion at current percent. The UK construction industry employs more than 2 million people, this is because the mature of work they do have a high incidence of occupational health (Health and Safety, 2011). The Construction industry provides an essential material for homes, schools, hospitals, industries, roads and railways etc. In UK, the laws are strict which encourages the workers to eliminate the accidents. In addition, the preference for health and safety is much higher in UK, than the many other countries and also provide regular Health and Safety training for site supervisors and project engineers. 1.3 Statement of the problem Most of the construction projects are often results in cost delay in completion, due to the fatalities involved in the construction site. The construction workers The construction workers are more prone to accidents, thus the industry is considered as one of the most hazardous industrial sectors. In India, the report from International Labour Organization (ILO, 2009) revealed that every year nearly 50,000 Indian die from illness or work related accidents and in particular construction activities, on an average, 165 workers are injured. However, these figures are higher than UK (Tony Baxendale et al, 2000). In developed countries like United Kingdom, there is strict legal enforcement of safety in the construction industry and also in the implementation of safety management systems which are designed to minimize or eliminate accidents at work place. Safety and health in the Indian construction industry has lagged behind most other industries as evidenced by its disproportional high rate of accidents. There are annual at least 60,000 fatal accidents on construction sites around the world, according to an ILO report published for World Day for saf ety and Health at Work, 2005

Cruelty and Insanity in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys Essay -- Wide S

Cruelty and Insanity in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea provides unique insight into the gradual deterioration of the human mind and spirit. On examining Antoinette and her mother Annette, the reader gains a new perspective of insanity. One realizes that these two women are mentally perturbed as a result of numerous external factors that are beyond their control. The cruelty of life and people drive Annette and her daughter to lunacy. Neither mother nor daughter have a genetic predisposition to madness, and their downfall is an inevitable result of the actions of those around them and the unbearable nature of their living situation. Antoinette's condition owes its beginnings to the solitude of her childhood, thus the cold, unfeeling treatment she receives from her husband does not create her mental instability, only exacerbates it. At the beginning of the novel, it becomes apparent that solitude is a primary cause of theCosway women?s insanity. Antoinette?s narration reveals that her mother is not accepted by other white people in Jamaica because she originated from Martinique, and the Jamaican ladies in particular ?never approved? of her mother ?because she pretty like pretty self?. Her only friend, Mr. Luttrell, commits suicide after he tires of waiting for monetary compensation for the loss of his slaves. Annette is left with no one of her colour or class to associate with. In describing her childhood, Antoinette only speaks of one friend, a Negro girl named Tia, but this was an ephemeral friendship. Antoinette had no one belonging to her age group or class that she could associate with. For the most part, the young girl is very isolated and alone, quite like her mother. Utter lon... ...umstances of the lives that Annette and her daughter lead in Coulibri serve as the foundation for their insanity. The reader cannot attribute their downfall to a genetic trait, but must instead understand that the process of going insane would not have started if their life at the beginning of the novel was not so lonely and miserable. Fate is cruel to these two individuals, and the cruelty of the Negroes is the only human cruelty inflicted on Annette and Antoinette at Coulibri, thus their lunacy begins as a result of both sources. Antoinette?s childhood leaves her with emotional scars and prohibits proper mental and personal growth, thus she marries her husband with these already established problems, and her husband?s actions only serve to develop the existing unstable tendencies. Work Cited Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. New York: Norton, 1982.

Banyan Tree Essay

Minimal advertising, still high level of brand awareness through company’s public relations and global marketing programs. Faced the challenge of translating and maintaining the success of a niche Asian hospitality brand into various market segments on a global scale ‘Innovative niche product that could also bridge the price gap in this market’ Building a resort comprising individual villas with locally inspired architectural design and positioned as a romantic and intimate escapade for guests; ‘Sanctuary for the senses’. Banyan Tree Gallery: ‘local culture and heritage and promoting cottage Crafts, retail outlet showcasing indigenous crafts, works closely with village cooperatives and not-for-profit craft marketing agents. Marketing: high-end travel magazines in key markets – public relations – global marketing programs (increase editorial coverage) – few key wholesalers in each targeted market – agents specializing in exlusive luxury holidays targeted at wealthy customers – membership in the Small Luxury Hotels and Leading Hotels of the World – GDS cose ‘BY’ (own global distribution system used by travel providers to process airline, hotel, car rental and other distribution partners around the world. Actively caring for the natural and human environment, revitalizing local communities, worked actively to preserve, protect, and promote the natural and human environments in which BYT resorts where located. Minimizing the impact on the environment Green Communities = planted trees, engage local communities, associates, guests to share the causes of climate change and actions that can reduce our collected carbon footprint. Green Imperative Fund to further support community-based and environmental initiatives in the regions where it has a presence. The company believed in building profitable resorts that would benefit the surrounding environment and contribute to local economies through the creation of employment and community development projects. Businesses with local farmers and traders by making it a point to purchase fresh produce from them. Community Relations Department was set up to develop and manage community outreach programs. Seedling: BTHR’s formalized program which aimed to help  young adults from local communities and motivate them and provide the means for completing their education to successfully enter the labor force as adults. Future: openening city hotels and angsana hotels in Dubai and London (angsana brand in response to the demand for hotel operators in Asia that were keen to introduce spa services in their hotel, it is more contemporary and affordable brand. Musem Shop by banyan tree: joint partnetship with Singapor’s national heritage board to showcase Asi’a rich and diverse cultural heritage through unique museum-inspired merchandise. Banyan Tree Holdings (Banyan Tree) is an investment holding company involved in managing and developing premium resorts, hotels and spas in the Asia Pacific. To date, the Banyan Tree Group manages and/or has ownership interests in close to 36 hotels and resorts, around 73 spas, 91 galleries  and 3 golf courses in 28 countries The company operates in Asia, Mexico and Morocco, New Zealand, Africa, Dubai, and the UK. Banyan Tree operates through three business segments: hotel investment, property sales, and fee-based. 1: The hotel investments segment relates to hotel and restaurant operations. The property sales segment comprises hotel residences, Laguna property sales and development project/site sales. Hotel residences business relates to the sale of hotel villas or suites which are part of hotel operations, to investors under a compulsory leaseback scheme. Laguna property sales business relates to the development and sale of properties which are standalone vacation homes in Laguna Phuket. Development project/site sales relates to pure development land sales or development land sales which are fully or partially developed with infrastructure. The fee-based segment comprises the management of hotels and resorts, the management of an asset-backed destination club, the management of private-equity funds, the management and operation of spas, the sales of merchandise, the provision of architectural and design services, the management and ownership of golf courses, and rental of retail outlets and offices. The company’s subsidiaries (dochterbedrijf) include Banyan Tree Spa Bangkok, Banyan Tree Spa Bintan, Banyan Tree Spa Ringha, Banyan Tree Spa Phuket, Banyan Tree Sanya, and Banyan Tree Macau, among others. Banyan Tree Holdings (Banyan Tree) is engaged in the management and development of premium resorts, hotels and spas. The company’s key services include the following. Hotel and restaurant operations Sale of hotel villas or suites – Development and sale of properties – Pure development land sales – Management of hotels and resorts – Management of an asset-backed destination club – Management of private-equity funds -Management and operation of spas – Architectural and design services – Management and ownership of golf courses – Rental of retail outlets and offices. The following companies are the major competitors of Banyan Tree Holdings Limited: Central Plaza Hotel Public Company Limited – Four Seasons Hotels Inc – Associated International Hotels Ltd In the past few years, such events risks as the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, bird flu, floods and riots in Thailand have been hard on our industry, causing tourism as a whole to dry up in their wake. By comparison, economic recessions are part and parcel of the business cycle, which we are able to take in our stride and counter with a variety of measures. During the year, the world remained mired in the European sovereign debt crisis and American economic weakness. Although these conditions affected our arrivals primarily from Europe, we were able to capitalise on the flourishing Chinese market. At our four resorts in the Maldives, for example, the number of Chinese guests surpassed those from Europe. In our continuing efforts to rebalance the Group’s assets, we made the bargain purchase of Banyan Tree Seychelles which gave rise to a net gain. We also sold and leased back Angsana Velavaru in January 2013. The hybrid structure of this deal is a first for Banyan Tree, and we are pleased with how it allows us to rebalance our portfolio while still participating in the profits from the operations of Angsana Velavaru. 2012: with overall revenue growing 3% to S$338. 4 million. Due to improved results from our hotel investments and fee-based businesses, as well as a higher contribution from completed sales of property units. Group EBITDA was S$74. 5 million, up 51% on the back of higher revenue and a gain on the bargain purchase of Banyan Tree Seychelles. This in turn resulted in PATMI increasing by 856% (S$14.9 million), tempered by higher finance costs and income tax expenses. HOTEL INVESTMENTS Our hotel investments delivered a stronger performance in 2012, with Group-owned hotels posting total revenue of S$187. 7 million, up 15% from the previous year. This was due to the higher contribution from our Thai properties and the consolidation of revenue from Banyan Tree Seychelles from 2Q12 onwards. These gains were partially offset by lower revenue from our Maldives properties as Banyan Tree Vabbinfaru and Angsana Ihuru were temporarily closed for refurbishment. As a result of the increase in revenue, EBITDA for this segment grew by a healthy 69% to S$36. 6 million. PROPERTY SALES Revenue from property sales was S$42. 7 million. The 36% decrease was due to the sale of development sites in Lijiang, Yangshuo and Huangshan to our China Fund in 2011. Excluding those transactions, revenue and EBITDA from property sales saw growth of 43% and 74% respectively, thanks to a higher contribution from completed sales of property units. FEE-BASED Total revenue from our fee-based businesses registered growth of 9% to reach S$108. This was attributable to an increase in fees from hotel management and architectural and interior design and other services. Accordingly, EBITDA for our fee-based businesses grew by 23%. 2013 appears to be another challenging year for the global economy. We anticipate continued weakness in our European target markets. In Asia, which has been the world’s economic engine these past four years, growth is likely to moderate. Despite the cooling of China’s economy, the tourism market both inbound and outbound is expected to continue to grow. The Chinese government is aggressively promoting domestic tourism as part of its strategy to increase domestic consumption, thereby cushioning the slowdown in export manufacturing. Banyan Tree’s strong branding and rapidly expanding footprint in China will position us to take advantage of this trend. Our seven regional marketing offices in China will be invaluable in enabling us to tap the vast potential of this market and to enhance awareness of our hotels with key accounts in China. Our strategy going forward will include continuing with our asset rebalancing to unlock value and deploy capital to more promising markets. At the same time, we are exploring the possibility of extending the successful Fund model into other areas. In terms of growing particular segments, we will be focusing on increasing income from our fee-based and property sales businesses. We have built the fee-based segment to a point where it now has an impetus of its own. On the property sales front, we plan to move into selling more primary and serviced residences. Primary residences under the Banyan Tree brand, â€Å"We will also be going forward with the establishment of a third brand of residences to be wholly sold and managed by us. † Rather than compete with local property developers, we will leverage our branding and design skills to market to a niche audience in China. We will also be going forward with the establishment of a third brand of residences to be wholly sold and managed by us. Catering to an entirely new market of price-conscious buyers, these properties will be smaller in size yet deliver the quality and innovation that are hallmarks of Banyan Tree. Strongly associated with our brand is the concept of a triple bottom line. In our pursuit of economic, social and environmental success, we made major investments in resource conservation, training and benchmarking, greening and community efforts in 2012. Under the EarthCheck system of sustainability certification, we also planted in six-year a total to over 220,000 trees. Banyan Tree Hotels and Resorts offer an intimate retreat experience featuring its signature blend of romance, rejuvenation and exotic sensuality. Our philosophy is based on providing a place for rejuvenation of the body, mind and soul – a Sanctuary for the Senses. Placing special emphasis on providing guests with a sense of place, each Banyan Tree property is designed to fit into its natural surroundings, using indigenous materials as far as possible and reflecting the landscape and architecture of the destination. Pioneering  the tropical garden spa concept with Asian health and beauty remedies passed down from generations, Banyan Tree Spa was created as the signature experience in all Banyan Tree resorts, to complement the â€Å"Sanctuary for the Senses† wellness concept. With the emphasis on high service standards and consistency, therapists are professionally trained at Banyan Tree Spa Academies in Phuket, Thailand, and Lijiang, China. The Banyan Tree Gallery supports local communities by exhibiting and retailing indigenous handicrafts, which are also found in the resorts. A quintessential highlight of the Banyan Tree experience, Banyan Tree Gallery aspires to recreate the unique Banyan Tree experience with  its extensive selection of  Asian-style furnishings, Banyan Tree Spa collection, eco-friendly products, indigenous village handicrafts, ethnic apparel and accessories, and objects d’art. Banyan Tree Holdings Limited is a leading, international hospitality brand that manages and develops premium resorts, hotels and spas. Its innovative business model is based on seven business segments generating multiple income streams that is unique in itself within the hospitality industry. This formula of developing and managing complementary product offerings with in-house talent makes it difficult for competitors to duplicate with the same level of success. Banyan Tree’s vertically integrated business model comprises: Hotel investment– Banyan Tree owns and manages luxury hotels under its brands, as well as hotels that are managed by other world-class operators. Hotel management– Banyan Tree additionally manages properties under the Banyan Tree and Angsana brands for other owners. Canopy Marketing Group Pte Ltd – A company wholly owned by Banyan Tree Services, Canopy Marketing Group Pte Ltd provides high-level strategic insights on various global niche markets to drive top line performance of our diverse range of lifestyle products including hotels, resorts, spas, gallery, destination club and residential ownership. It has a full-suite of marketing capabilities specializing in the branding, marketing and promotion. Spa operations– Banyan Tree Spa pioneered the tropical garden spa concept, and has since grown to over 60 outlets worldwide. Gallery operations– The retail arm is consolidated under Banyan Tree Gallery, which comprises five brand segments located in over 70 stores worldwide. Hotel residences – Hotel inventory are primarily sold under the brand name Banyan Tree Residences. Property sales – Properties that are not part of hotel operations are sold by our subsidiary company, Laguna Resorts and Hotels, and its subsidiaries, in Laguna Phuket. Design and other services – Revenue from design services is earned by Architrave, Banyan Tree’s in-house architectural arm. Other service fees include income from operating golf clubs. Real Estate Hospitality Funds – Banyan Tree Capital was set upto tap private equity and other sources of investments in order to provide a cost efficient structure to fund the Group’s future developments. With about 8,000 associates of over 50 nationalities, the diversity of its workforce is a key feature of the Group and helps to inspire its international outlook. To address its talent development needs, Banyan Tree launched Banyan Tree Management Academy (BTMA) in 2008. This centralised training facility located in Phuket, Thailand will train future Banyan Tree leaders needed to sustain organisational effectiveness and to meet the demands of its rapid global growth. Part of Banyan Tree’s vision has always been to grow into a global business, with a portfolio of properties strategically placed around the world. The Group’s mission is inextricably intertwined with its commitment to corporate social responsibility and sustainable growth, as it continues to expand globally. The launch of Banyan Tree Residences, which allows investors to buy their own signature villa, townhouse or apartment in Banyan Tree resorts. Banyan Tree Private Collection was launched to cater to the growing niche for destination club membership 2005: Marking the group’s long awaited foray into China is Banyan Tree Ringha, in Yunnan. 2001: Banyan Tree established the Green Imperative Fund to formalise its corporate social responsibility efforts. The Banyan Tree Spa Academy was set up to provide training for new therapists as well as research new treatment recipes and techniques. Banyan Tree Capital is a real estate fund management company established by the Banyan Tree group, a renowned luxury hospitality company listed in Singapore, to focus on hospitality-based real estate investment. Banyan Tree Capital raises, develops and manages branded hospitality funds in key development markets of the Banyan Tree group. With a combination of fund management and asset development capabilities, Banyan Tree Capital leverages on the group’s expertise in premium hospitality real estate development and management to generate attractive investment returns for its investors. Banyan Tree Capital is headquartered in Singapore with offices in China and Vietnam. We have successfully achieved higher room rates than the existing market in locations such as Lijiang, the Maldives and Seychelles. We have also found that our iconic brands also help raise the value of the surrounding land. Our innovative city products combine all the iconic elements of our brand and differentiate developers within established, high cost city markets. We have the flexibility and capabilities to adapt our model to various locations so as to maximize returns for the developer As part of our strategy of enlarging our footprint in China, we will also be launching two more hotels in Shanghai and one in Tianjin, adding to our ever growing presence in various gateway cities. We are also employing our capabilities all across China, where large tracts of land are being developed into gated residences and luxury hotels offered to the Chinese elite. One of Banyan Tree’s prime concerns is its associates. We pride ourselves in providing high levels of service excellence and providing tailor made training and career development programmes for our employees. No stone is left unturned in regards to training and proper introduction before a Banyan Tree is put into operation. Trained to the basic standards of 5 star hotels. Employees were empowered to exercise creativity and sensitivity although the strict administrative rules of the management. Employees were taken to and from work in air-conditioned buses, access to various amenities (good-quality canteens, medical services, childcare facilities). Banyan Tree is one of the world’s biggest and well known spa operators. Our levels of quality and service are unparalleled and uncompromised. We are the only vertically integrated hospitality company with strong capabilities to tackle and anticipate the challenges of master planning and developing an integrated resort. We are able to take a property from inception to delivery with efficiencies that is entirely brand specific. Our  in-house design team, Architrave, and project services team are extremely involved in all phases of the development – master planning, designing, developing and coordinating, to ensure developers a timely delivery of their asset. Being experienced developers, we are able to ensure that efficiencies and economies of scale are maximized along with guest experiences. Bintan, the Maldives and Phuket where the Angsana resort is positioned next to a Banyan Tree resort with shared back of house facilities. This model has allowed us to lower costs without cannibalizing rates, thereby boosting returns for our developers.

Profit Margin and High End Segment

Cost Leadership After contemplating many different strategy options and evaluating our markets, the Ferris group decided that we would utilize and follow a strategy discussed in chapter 6 of Wheelen and Hunger’s text[1]: cost leadership. This strategy focuses on â€Å"a lower-cost competitive strategy that aims at the broad mass market and requires efficient scale facilities, cost reductions, and cost and overhead control. This strategy avoids marginal customers, and aims for cost minimization in R&D, service, sales force, and advertising. If used effectively, this strategy should reduce and control your labor and overhead costs. This would in turn decrease variable expenses and simultaneously increase your contribution margins, and ultimately your net profits. To follow this strategy, we decided to take the following actions: 1. We refrained from introducing any new products in order to prevent paying large start-up costs without efficient funding. It would have been wise to introduce a new product if we had more rounds during the simulation.This would have allowed us to specialize in the markets we were efficient in and dropped those that were costing us money. If we were to introduce a product however, to see any benefits of this initiative during the simulation, the product would have had to been launched within the first few rounds. But, spending a lot of borrowed money early on in the simulation did not make sense for our cost leadership strategy. We would have had to wait until we could fund it with our retained earnings in order to be in alignment with our strategy.However, this would not have been an option until the 3rd or 4th year, and by then much too late to see positive benefits by year 6. 2. We remained quite frugal with our allocated expenses to marketing (promotion and sales budgets) to keep our costs low and contribution margins high. 3. We decided to increase our automation for products that did not have rapidly changing market buying criteria specifications (i. e. if expectations regarding size and performance stayed fairly similar throughout the six rounds because their drift rates were small, then we increased automation for that particular line within the first year). . We attempted to use a Just In Time (JIT) strategy which meant that we tried to calculate the exact quantity each market would purchase of our products and we then produced only enough to have no more or no less on hand at the end of each forecasted year. †¢To calculate this precise forecast, in each segment we took the actual sales from the previous year and multiplied it by the market growth rate for the corresponding market segment. We then multiplied that number by a conservative (i. e. 90%) and optimistic (i. e. 10%) rate to get the respective marketing and production forecasts. †¢The only time we produced a little higher than the conservative forecast calculated using the above formula was if we stocked out of an item in the pr evious year and could then expect even higher sales the following year; essentially preventing ourselves from short-changing our forecast for the next year. If this was the case for a previous year, we would be a little more aggressive with our forecast fro the following year and used conservative and optimistic rates of around 90% and 120% respectively. . We decided to decrease the Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) of those products (The Traditional and Low End segments) in which MTBF as a buying criteria was not very important to the customer to the minimum specification within the acceptable range to the customer (i. e. If the desired range for MTBF was 22,000 – 27,000 for a product that did not base much of their purchasing decision on MTBF, we would set the MTBF for that product at the minimum of 22,000).This was done to keep costs low by decreasing the reliability (which saves money in production costs) of those products in which customers did not care about the MTBF. Ove rall Company Performance Mistakes During the simulation, we made quite a few costly mistakes that put us in a really bad spot in comparison to the other teams. These mistakes are as follows: 1. We missed the opportunity to launch a new product because right out of the gate we were focused on the products we already had and making them all profitable.We were not willing to create a new product until we could finance the investment with our retained earnings instead of taking on debt to finance such a project. The problem was that it took us about 4 rounds to build up a cushion of cash that allowed us to feel comfortable making such an investment. Unfortunately, since it takes 2 rounds to launch a new product, we did not feel that the timing was right after round 4 because we would not have generated profits for the new product by the end f the simulation; we were unable to justify the investment for a long term project with only 2 years left in the simulation. Therefore, we did not m ove quickly enough within the first few rounds in assessing our markets as a whole and making long term investment decisions. 2. My group was also quite concerned with not increasing debt and rather building our retained earnings and collecting cash as a cushion. However, this tactic was not such a great one because it cost us points for wealth creation. We should have been using that saved cash to invest in our company, rather than hanging on to the money. . We never created any long term plans during the simulation. This was probably what hurt us the most because all we were focused on was the previous year’s results and how to make them increase. We never actually set specific goals which would have then forced us to create a detailed plan of action to help us achieve those goals; rather we were blindly just trying to be or stay profitable. 4. We continually implemented the same strategies that were not producing stellar results; especially with regards to individual segme nts.We continually tried executing the same tactics (i. e. low cost, JIT, etc†¦) without changing any details (i. e. more product development, repositioning, etc†¦) and kept hoping that things would get better. Our performance did get a little better within our underperforming segments after about 3 rounds, but not enough to push us ahead of our competition as a whole company. 5. We did not invest in automation for a few lines (Performance and Size) like we should have in the beginning.For whatever reason, a few team members believed that increasing the automation for a line that has a product with specifications that change rapidly from year to year (the High, Performance, and Size segments) was a bad idea. They were convinced that increasing the automation for these segments would be useless and that it would in fact return to where it originally started at each year end. Looking back, we should have dramatically increased the automation for these segments to keep our va riable costs low and in alignment with our strategy. . One of our biggest problems was that we kept making mistakes that cost us immensely. Some of those mistakes include: †¢Wrong Growth Rate. We used an excel spreadsheet to determine the forecasts for each segment throughout the entire simulation. However, we did not realize until we were making decisions for round 4 that the formulas were actually entered wrong into the spreadsheet and every segment was being forecasted at the Traditional segment’s growth rate rather than the actual growth rate that corresponded to each segment. Inversion of Specifications. We accidentally inverted the size and performance specifications for the High End segment during round 3. This dramatically reduced our net profit margin for this particular segment (Please see Exhibit 1). Sadly, this was originally one of our best markets and because of this mistake we missed a huge opportunity to increase our profits and perform well as a company. †¢Long Revision Dates. We did not notice until the round 4 processed that the revision date for the High End segment for round 4 was not until 2 years later.Therefore, we were unable to keep the product for this segment competitive for the remainder of the simulation; especially after our setback in round 3. In fact, this mistake dramatically decreased our contribution margin for this segment and even brought our net profit margin for the segment to a deep negative (Please see Exhibits 2 & 1 respectively). Again, we dramatically messed up one of our best selling products and were continually trying to play catch-up from our mistakes with this line; therefore, we missed a huge opportunity to increase our profits.Performance Measures To determine whether or not our company was doing well, we assessed a few areas of the Capstone Courier: 1. Contribution Margin Percentage (Please see Exhibit 3). We looked at this percentage after each round was processed to determine whether or no t it was increasing. If it was not increasing, we knew that our strategy of lowering our costs was not effective for the round in question; alerting us to lower our costs. 2. Contribution Margins (Please see Exhibit 2). We looked at the contribution margins for each segment to concentrate on each individually.Looking at whether or not the segment in question was increasing or decreasing was effective because it showed us which products were costing us the most in variable costs (i. e. materials, labor, etc†¦); showing us which segments we needed to cut costs for. 3. Net Profit (Please see Exhibit 4). This was our first indicator on the courier as to whether or not we did well in the previous round. We started off doing pretty badly but by round 3, we brought our net profits up by about $5,200 from round 1. However, the mistakes mentioned above led to dramatic decrease the following year 4 that put us in an even worse spot than we were after round 1. Luckily, we made strides to overcome those obstacles (discussed below in the Product Line Performance section) which increased our profits the following year by almost $9,500. 4. Net Profit Margins (Please see Exhibit 1). This measure was quite useful in determining how our net profits could be assessed for each segment. This told us the story of which products were profitable, which were most profitable, and which were actually costing us money to sell.Our goal for each round was to have each of the segments positive and turning a profit; which we accomplished in rounds 5 and 6, finally. Product Line Performance Errors We had many issues and made many errors with my particular line (High End – Fist) as mentioned above. During round 3, we inverted the performance and size specifications. In addition, during round 4 we did not realize that our revision date was 2 years away; this meant that my product was unable to be competitive within its segment for 3 rounds and the remaining year was spent catching u p to the competition.Once the mistakes were made, there was nothing we could do to correct our mistake. However, we did try to redirect our focus from staying competitive 100% within the High End segment with Fist, to using this product to be more competitive within the Traditional segment during round 4 while our revision date neared. To do this, we dropped the sell price from $39. 00/unit to $28. 00/unit. We did this for a couple of reasons: 1. Fist lay most closely to the Traditional product on the perceptual map.Therefore, we figured we would make the most of our mistake, which could not be undone, by trying to stay competitive on the edge of both the High and Traditional markets. 2. Luckily, the lowest price within the range for the High End segment was $28. 00/unit and the highest price within the range for the Traditional segment was $28. 00/unit as well. For this reason, we decided to sell Fist during the segments’ crisis at a price that was acceptable for both market s; this was done in hopes of picking up customers from each market since we were well aware that we would not be very competitive during round 4 within the High End segment.Statistics/Performance Below is a table to show that we were steadily climbing in our progress for Fist during the first 2 rounds and then our mistakes made this segment unprofitable during both rounds 3 and 4 (highlighted in grey) and decreased within every statistic (our customer satisfaction dropped due to the product not being competitive in the High End market, our contribution margin percentage dramatically decreased due to fewer sales/revenue, and our market share almost completely disappeared).During rounds 5 and 6, we were slowly climbing our way back to a profitable position for this segment; once we were again able to reposition Fist within the High End market we started to improve. High End Segment (Fist) Statistics Round123456 Revenue$21,615$27,099$17,301$22,253$23,470$32,026 Market Share19%20%11%6%1 2%17% Contribution Margin$7,823$9,624$4,735$4,105$6,698$9,929 Contribution %36%35%27%10%28%31% Net Margin$2,628$3,689($1,403)($1,028)$1,814$4,449 Customer Score242910111815 Functional Area Strategies and Performancelo0Due to my expertise with regards to my educational focus and previous work experience, my functional area was marketing (alongside Ashley Barnes). Unfortunately, we were not well informed about how to maximize our marketing efforts/investments (promotion and sales expenses) for the simulation until round 4. Promotion and Sales We initially remained quite frugal with our promotion and sales budgets to keep our costs low and contribution margins high in order to follow our cost leadership strategy previously.However, by investing larger amounts into sales and promotion within the first two rounds, we would have better followed our strategy. This would have been the case because we would have paid less in expenses in the later rounds since we would’ve only had to i nvest enough to maintain our accessibility and awareness percentages after the initial higher investments; essentially reaping more benefits in the later rounds of our early investments. After we learned of the formulas for producing good customer survey results however, we did quite well in certain segments.For example, we blindly allocated money to our Size segment during the first 3 rounds and slowly climbed our customer survey score. However, once we learned how to use the formulas given in the Capstone Debrief Rubric, we were able to go from a customer survey score of 16 in round 3, to a 50 in round 4, and even higher to a 57 in round 5. The formula we used came from the Capstone Debrief Rubric and stated that in order to get: †¢3 Points – The promotional budget had to lie in between $1. 4M and $2M. The Sales budget had to lie in between $2. 2M and $3M. 2 Points – The promotional budget had to lie in between $1M and $1. 4M or in between $2M and $2. 5M. The Sa les budget had to lie in between $1. 5M and $2. 2M. †¢1 Point – The promotional budget had to lie in between $. 7M and $1M or in between $2. 5M and $3M. The Sales budget had to lie in between $. 7M and $1. 5M. †¢0 Points – The promotional budget had to be lower than $. 7M or higher than $3M. The Sales budget had to be lower than $. 7M or higher than $3M. Once we started to use these formulas, we were able to allocate the right amount of funding to each segment that was appropriate.For example: if a certain segment was projected to lose money by allocating $1. 4M to the promotional budget to get the full 3 points, we would cut the budget to about $1M and still be able to get 2 points without jeopardizing our contribution margin. This is proven in the Capstone Debrief Rubric; we were allocated 3 points to our higher performing segments (Traditional, Low, and High) for rounds 4, 5, and 6 but were only granted 2 points for our lower performing segments (Performan ce and Size).In addition, we always strived to keep our size and performance specifications at exactly the current buying criteria plus the drift rates outlined on page 2 of the Industry Conditions Report. This would keep the product at what the customer expected so that they were receiving what they were asking for. Customer Buying Criteria We made it a priority to keep our prices as high as we could in each segment without disappointing our customers; this was our way of aligning our marketing strategies with our overall company strategy of cost leadership.We noted what criteria were most important to the customer to determine if we could increase our prices for each product. For example: Price was the least important buying criteria within the Size segment; meaning that these customers were not as sensitive to price changes/increases. Therefore, we were able to charge closer to the high price for the Size segment product (Fume) because this increase would not really affect the ma rket buying decisions for the Size segment; much unlike the Low End segment