Christianity And Islam Essay Example For Students

Christianity And Islam Essay Christianity and Islam are two of the most noteworthy religions since theircreation. Islam implies accommodation in Arabic, and a Muslim is one whosubmits to the desire of God (Islam page 223). Christians were called so becauseof Jesus title Christos, which is Greek for Messiah (Christianity page 198). The two religions are fundamentally the same as with just a portion of the convictions and teachingsbeing unique. They additionally give separate messages to pariahs with regards to a big motivator for theirreligions. The two religions are monotheistic with a heavenly book and theyboth endeavor to overcome fiendish. Islam has a lot of rules (5 Pillars of Islam) setforth to arrive at illumination while Christians fundamentally simply sin, atone, andthen are excused for their wrongdoings. Christianity is an a lot simpler religion tobelong to in light of the fact that it is significantly progressively indulgent to what you may or may not be able to as wellas when and where you can do it. Islam is additionally increasingly shut entryways on the grounds that the donot truly convey teachers searching for individuals to change over to Islam. ForChristianity, Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah (the blessed one) Godsdeliverer, whose coming the prophets had predicted (Christianity page 198). Je sustaught the great Word of the Lord, similar to his obligation as the Son of God. He is alsosaid to have performed wonders, for example, restoring infection and visual impairment as wellwalking on water. Roman and Jewish specialists were disturbed by the danger tothe foundation that Jesus and his devotees appeared to offer, and theyconspired effectively to execute him by torturous killing (Christianity page 198). After Jesus was executed for the wrongdoings everything being equal, he was accepted by Christiansto have become alive once again and afterward climbed to Heaven. After the passing ofJesus, his life and lessons were composed with numerous fanciful stories (as I liketo call them) about the incredible fights and achievements of Christians as wellas examples of overcoming adversity about the supporters of Gods Word. These accounts andsome chronicled realities are written in the Bible, which is the sacred content of theChristians. It clarifies how God made the Earth the production of the Earth andman and it instructs how to be noble. The author of Islam was the ProphetMohammed who was a vagrant from the city of Mecca. Mohammed guaranteed to bevisited by the Angel Gabriel who gave him the reason for this new religion. TheFive Pillars of Islam are the essential laws to be a decent Muslim. Pronouncing thatthere is no God however Allah, imploring five times each day confronting Mecca, fastin g duringset times, giving for destitute, and an excursion to Mecca at any rate once in yourlifetime. A few Muslims have a 6th column, jihad, which is deciphered intoholy war (Variety page 234). Mohammeds lessons were not composed untilhis passing in light of the fact that there was no convincing motivation to put his words down in somedefinite structure. After the unexpected demise of Mohammed in 632, Caliph Abu Bakrordered one of the prophets allies to gather, from oral and writtensources, all of Mohammeds expressions (Quran page 225). They were writtenin the Quran which is essentially the Muslim Bible. The Quran is thewritten form of the lessons that Mohammed lectured while he was alive. Asecond wellspring of direction for most Muslims is al-Hadith (Tradition), a huge bodyof transmitted accounts of what the Prophet said or did or information disclosed or donein his essence and in this manner endorsed by him (Foundations page 225). .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 , .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .postImageUrl , .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 , .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:hover , .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:visited , .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:active { border:0!important; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:active , .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad639 8226 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua0816e3b9ba6143257324a0ad6398226:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Background Of Internal Control Systems Accounting EssayChristianity is an exceptionally engaging religion since it is by all accounts so natural tounderstand and turn into a Christian where as Islam is extremely troublesome. There arefive set times each day in Islam where you need to quit everything and ask facingMecca and Muslims go to chapel on Fridays. Christians are allowed to implore any waythey need whenever they need and go to chapel on Sundays. The Bible isdifferent in that it contains the lessons of Jesus, the immediate Word of God,and numerous strict stories. The Quran contains just the lessons of Mohammedwhich is supposed to be the Word of God verbally expressed through man. The strict stories ofIslam are in discrete sources, for example, the al-Hadith, The Six AuthenticCompilations, and Gardens of the Righteous (Tales page 230). The Bible and theQuran are comparative in the basic truth that they were not composed until theprophets of their religion were dead (despite the fact that Jesus was restored and went toHeaven). While Jesus and Mohammed were on Earth, their accounts and teachingswere passed on orally, so the need to record them was redundant. Christianity is where they invite outcasts in to change over them andlove everybody, Christian or not, for they are on the whole the offspring of God. Islamteaches to: Be aware of you obligation to Allah and attempt to advance accord betweenyourselves (8.2). All adherents are siblings; so make harmony between yourbrothers (49.11). Battle the idolators all together, as they battle you alltogether, and realize that Allah is with the exemplary (9.36)(Nawawi page232). Make harmony between your siblings, intends to make harmony with otherMuslims. In the event that you are not Muslim, you are not one of their siblings. They additionally sayto battle the idolators, which intends to battle against the individuals who are notMuslim. This message to loathe he who isn't of a similar religion is the completeopposite from that of Christianitys message. I accept that is the reason Muslimsfeel constrained to bomb different people groups and battle heavenly wars. This is another reasonwhy Christiani ty is all the more engaging. Both Islam and Christianity offer arewarding endless dwelling in the event that you carry on with an honorable life here on earth anddo the obligation of Allah or God. Christians accept that their compensation for arighteous life is to go to Heaven. For Muslims, the prize for following the 5Pillars of Islam is wonderful homes in Gardens of Eternity (Nawawi page 232). These are the sole explanations behind having the religions in any case. Thesupreme objective of the two religions is to effectively arrive at a serene existence in the wake of death. Asfar as awful existences in the wake of death go, Christianity has Hell for the individuals who conflict with God andare not pardoned for their transgressions. Hellfire is an interminable perdition brimming with tortureand languishing. Hellfire is a hindrance from transgression, which makes individuals progressively slanted tolive blessed and upright lives. As Heaven is a prize for living a righteouslife, Hell is the discipline for carrying on with an existence of wrongdoing. I don't know aboutIslam, in spite of the fact that the book discusses Allah sparing somebody from theFire and Fire being characterized as Hell (Nawawi page 232). I can derive thismeans that the two of them have a correctional home for the unholy and doubting. BothIslam and Christianity have dietary limitations. Muslims can't eat f romsunrise to dusk during the blessed month of Ramadan. A few Christians quick on GoodFriday just as surrendering their preferred food during the Advent Season. Christians praise the birth, demise, and revival of Jesus while the onlyreligious festivity that Muslims have as far as anyone is concerned is the blessed month ofRamadan. I don't have the foggiest idea why they praise this however I do realize they celebrate theninth month on their lunar schedule and that is the heavenly month of Ramadan. Ipersonally feel that Christianity is an a lot simpler religion to manage beingthat it has pretty much a similar result as Islam does. Christianity additionally has alot less work included. I would state that Christianity is a significantly more convenientreligion. Less time and exertion is placed into imploring and being equitable withChristianity. Besides it is significantly more credible to me that Jesus was the Son ofGod than it is to accept that Mohammed was visited by a heavenly attendant that advised himwhat to do. They were both progressing admirably in spite of the fact that the Islamic message isn't quietas decent as the Christian one. Ch erishing everybody as your sibling and

Psychology of the Superheroes

A saint is a person who is daring and can battle to accomplish the best out of him particularly in odd circumstances. As Fingeroth (14) watched, a legend is one who â€Å"rises over their impediments to accomplish something extraordinary.† likewise, a superhuman is one who is bold, has superhuman powers and prepared to forfeit his life so as to spare a few people or the entire community.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Psychology of the Superheroes explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main distinction between a saint and a superhuman is maybe the superhuman forces that saints don't have. As a rule, the superheroes are depicted as being everlasting. He is discernable from scoundrels who can be viewed as the underhanded partners. They are likewise typically depicted as being fortunate in many cases to a degree that regardless of their superhuman capacity no common man could be. In different cases, they can kick the bucket and return to l ife. A portion of the superheroes were depicted to have been brought into the world that way. Others procured their capacities from outside sources like the sun while others were simply customary looking individuals yet with some interesting attributes (Levi para1). Subsequently, the investigation of the stories of the Superheroes is basic to people today. The investigation of superheroes has been important to clinicians for the most part because of the uplifting impacts it has on those in the area of the hero. Regularly one would dream to resemble this legend and would be keen on testing what it expenses to be one. Individuals think that its all the more fascinating in the event that they could be related with such legends, and as such the superheroes go about as good examples in a general public. The investigation accentuates how people decipher their awful encounters, which is a zone important to an analyst (Rosenberg Para. 2). The superheroes help keep up the social estimations of the social orders in which they are reflected in. All the superheroes in the old occasions think about the way of life of the social orders that made them. In the old Greece, Heracles was a superhuman who depicted the Greek culture. He was a solid valiant individual connoting a country that could battle with and overcome another country. His essence in the Olympian war against the goliaths would decide the champ. In the Greek history, he was the main man normally conceived who turned into a divine being after his demise. The other named superheroes like Achilles, Odysseus, Ajax, and numerous others are as yet being recollected by their battle to vanquish the city of Troy. Achilles and Hector were extraordinary superheroes related with the Trojan War with Hector being on the rival side. He drove assaults against the Greek in battle for Troy. The proceeded with utilization of such stories in the Greek writing in this way persuades the youthful age to be daring warriors consequently saving the way of life of the people.Advertising Looking for exposition on brain research? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This can however be accomplished, all things considered, since thinkers have hypothesized the improvements experienced in the science were because of a man’s interest to attempt to experience into something that was impractical previously. The need to fly, much the same as the feathered creatures, was early perused in the antiquated legends. Afterward, its persuasive effect was seen when could discover a method of dealing with the gravitational draw and conflict with it into the sky as do the feathered creatures. The stories of the superheroes additionally structure a significant part in the advancement of writing in the current abstract world. Most anthologists discover fascinating to build up their works from the stories of the otherworldly generally appropriate for the youthful researchers. The writing work for the youngsters helps the eventual future scholars improve their composing capacities and abilities. It likewise helps in giving the youngsters a situation in the general public (Nakojalewa 3). For example, the dramatists in Greek utilized the stories of Heracles where he was depicted as having a blend of clashing characters not handily found in a person. On one hand, he was portrayed as a crude and brutal pioneer who might clutch resentment and look for retribution on the adversary anyway exorbitant it would be. His poor choices regularly landed him into issues. Then again, he was depicted as a caring chief who gives all that is expected to spare a companion in a difficult situation. In such occasions, he would bear the fierce disciplines should he be in the hands of the rivals. Odysseus was another figure in the Greek history. As ahead of schedule as this old occasions, Odysseus, who was likewise a superhuman, was depicted as being insightful enough and would give distinctive bogus names when in the hands of the foe. This would later spare him in the hands of a lord who had vowed to it him last, having managed his partners. Odysseus had given his name as ‘Nobody’ and when he blinded the tipsy lord while snoozing and different officers wanted the king’s salvage, the ruler said ‘Nobody’ had harmed him and the warriors returned. This was intriguing in those times past when the vast majority were not known to be sly at all. How he passed on stays a discussion with some expression he was murdered and others saying he normally kicked the bucket of mature age. Beowulf was a Danish saint who restricted the presentation of Christianity, harking back to the 6th century. Sir Gawain was a Latin warrior who was renowned for his sentiment. He would bolster his uncle King Arthur paying little heed to the outcomes. In this way, it very well may be seen that the majority of the antiquated superheroes showed their forces during wars against their foe countries. The equivalent is somewhat not quite the same as the advanced superheroes.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Psychology of the Superheroes explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just as in the days of yore when the superheroes were viewed as the individuals who battled out harshly as a rule to serve the others, the present day saints are the individuals who help their countries in the freedom from an abuse. The battle for opportunity from the pioneer government seen route, harking back to the eighteenth century in America saw the ascent of some cutting edge legends. The researchers who have made revelations in investigating the space are likewise saints of the ebb and flow times. Their capacity to investigate the space shows up as a force past the human and along these lines qualifies the portrayal. Different researchers like business analysts, mathematicians, and analysts are seen in the cutting edge times as superh eroes. Different gatherings that are considered in the advanced society are those holding world records in whichever division. This could be in the fields of sports like football or games, in the fields of scholastics or one who depicts a decent authority quality. We therefore watch some little distinction of what individuals named just like a superhuman and what individuals see of the equivalent in the present world. As of now, you don't have to forfeit yourself to be named a Superhero. Nor are you required to have additional forces past the human instinct like everlasting status to meet all requirements to be named a saint. The distinction that can be seen between the antiquated superheroes and the cutting edge superheroes is that in the old occasions, these individuals depended much on their quality and their capacity to persevere through brutal treatment. The advanced superheroes for the most part utilize their insight to help take care of the present issue or even to meet other human necessities like amusement. This can be viewed as an improvement on how superheroes are depicted in the advanced society over the antiquated occasions. Truth be told, it has been seen that in the cutting edge days, it doesn't expect one to display uncommon quality and abilities so as to impact the life of someone else particularly the kids (Banks para1). They are for this situation called tutors. In both the old and current settings, the superheroes happen to assume a similar job. In the old occasions, such stories infused into the brains of the young people the need and significance of being valiant in troublesome circumstances. The consideration of superheroes even in the present field of story is significant in the general improvement of writing (Jennings 23). Thusly, it helped protect the community’s social legacy particularly during this period when between ancestral wars were the request for the day. Also, the superheroes in the advanced world go about as good ex amples in the countries they hail from or even the world over.Advertising Searching for paper on brain research? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One might consistently want to be named after a decent pioneer like John Kennedy of the United States most likely with an attitude that he would likewise be a decent pioneer. It would please one to be named a Nobel Peace prizewinner following some positive worldwide commitment. Being the best player of the year has offered ascend to a few decent footballers. Consequently, the job these legends play even today merits being referenced. Works Cited Banks, Sherry. â€Å"Mentors: Modern-day Superheroes.† The Huffington Post. 2010. Web. Fingeroth, Danny. Superman on the Couch: What superheroes truly enlighten us regarding ourselves and our general public. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. 2004. Web. Jennings, Jackson. Understanding Superheroes: Scholarship, superman, and the amalgamation of a rising analysis. Diss. College of Arkansas, Dissertations Theses. 2009. Web. Levi, Joe. â€Å"Modern Day Real life Superheroes.† Greener Living through Technology: How a Geek returns to Basics. 2009. Web. Nakojalewa, Maria. â€Å"Theory, Post-hypothesis and Aetonormative theory.† Neohelicon, Vol. 36, Iss. 1; p3. 2009. Web. Rosenberg, Robin. â€Å"The Psychology of the Superheroes: An Unauthorized Exploration.† Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 42, No. 2. p.â 389. 2009.

As Marathon

MIT And/As Marathon Tomorrow, I will roll out of bed, eat some oatmeal, and put on a pair of sweatpants Ill wear exactly once. Ill board a yellow schoolbus and try to snag the one solo seat, all the way in the back and to the left, just like I did in high school. That bus will bring me, and a few dozen strangers, to Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where we, and thousands more of us, brought by hundreds of yellow schoolbuses, will gather on a field near the starting line of the Boston Marathon. The ground will be cold, and probably muddy, which is why Ill be wearing the sweatpants â€"  the ones Ill only wear once â€" over my running shorts. Ill sit and stretch for awhile, and maybe eat a banana, even though I hate the taste, and gauge the restroom lines to strategize how last-minute I can rush to pee before the last-minute rush to pee begins. Around 10:45AM, I will gather my things, take off my sweatpants, and give them to a smiling volunteer holding an enormous bag full of other sweatpants, many of which have also been worn only once. Behind the volunteer, there will be big piles of big bags of these clothes, and they will all look soft and warm and inviting in the same way the ground is not. When you run the Boston Marathon, you are assigned to a wave and a corral. Im wave 4, corral 4. It used to bother me that we were organized by a mixed metaphor â€" fluids move in waves, but cattle move in corrals â€" but now it makes sense. The wave describes the way that you and other runners leaving at your time will sort of swirl, in a consistent but chaotic fashion, down the road from Hopkinton High toward the starting line, where actual corrals, i.e. lines of metal bars, will split the wave lengthwise, guiding us as we plod stupidly toward the start. I will look around for my mom and dad, who always try to see me off; last year, my mom found a cowbell, somewhere, and would ring it from wherever she was, which really accentuated the whole herd-animal dynamic of it all. But it was very adorable. Then, I will run, jog, walk, and/or hobble 26.2 miles, from Hopkinton on through Ashland, Framingham, Natick, Wellesley, Newton, Brookline, and finally Boston; if I am fortunate enough to finish, I will eventually turn right on Hereford and left on Boylston, crossing the finish line outside the Boston Public Library sometime between four and five hours after I begin. This is the third year I have run the Boston Marathon as a member of Team MR8, the charity team that runs on behalf of the Martin Richard Foundation. It is also the third year since Martin, who was my friend, was killed, on April 15, 2013, in the bombing of the Boston Marathon, and the third year since the Tsarnaev brothers, three days later, shot Sean Collier outside the Stata Center at the intersection of Vassar and Main, now memorialized as Collier Square. It is the third year since I graduated from MIT, in June of 2013. It is also the third time I have tried to write this blog post sharing what MIT taught me about the Marathon, and what the Marathon taught me about MIT. Unlike many people who read the blogs, I did not grow up dreaming of attending MIT. I liked reading and writing more than math and science. As a student, I was intelligent but somewhat lazy; I did reasonably well in my classes without studying much, and when I did poorly on certain tests or subjects, I would shrug and figure I just wasnt ‘naturally good at e.g. math. This attitude and ability and excess of self-confidence was sufficient to get me through secondary school and my undergraduate education. It was not enough to get me through MIT. I enrolled as a graduate student in Comparative Media Studies in Fall 2012. When I arrived at orientation that August I was confident, enthusiastic, and happy. I had been at MIT as a staff member for a few years, knew my way around the Institute, and had audited a few CMS courses as an employee. I am a local guy and close, both emotionally and geographically, to my family, friends, and social support system. I had a background in the field I was studying, I had a thesis topic everyone (including me) thought was interesting, and I had been matched to a research group led by an intellectual hero of mine. I had everything going for me and I knew it. That feelingâ€"of personal and intellectual confidence, of my own unquestioned and unquestionable ability to thrive at MITâ€"lasted for maybe six weeks. Then,  I hit the wall. In endurance sports such as cycling and running, hitting the wall or the bonk describes a condition caused by the depletion of glycogen stores in the liver and muscles, which manifests itself by sudden fatigue and loss of energy.  (Wikipedia) It was October, and I had turned in my first paper to Jeff Ravel, a historian of media and social change. It was a short response to a reading about the (surprisingly) heterogeneous religious beliefs of a 14th century Italian miller. I had written what I thought was a pretty good, snappy essay, the sort of essay that routinely earned me As in my high school and college social studies classes. Jeff had filled the margins with constructive, brutal critique, the kind that leaves you feeling at once grateful for the insight and foolish for ever having thought your idea was any good at all. Across the bottom he wrote that maybe we should meet, because he was concerned about my ability to do well in the class if this was the kind of work I thought was acceptable to hand in for a grad school paper. And he gave me what I am pretty sure was the lowest grade in the class. When Id gotten bad grades before, it was either a) in a subject I felt I was bad at or b) on an assignment I felt I had sort of mailed in. But I had never, or almost never, earned a bad grade in an area of my strength on an assignment Id thought Id nailed, and Id never had my ability to complete a course questioned by anyone, especially myself. Heres what made it worse: this kind of thing was happening in all of my courses, and all of my research, all at once. After a lifetime of being smart and good at school â€" the thing that had made me admissible to MIT â€" I started getting things wrong in the classroom and in the lab. The assumptions I had taken for granted were suddenly complex and problematic. I could no longer walk into a room with the swagger of someone accustomed to believing they were one of the smartest people in it. It felt like everything about my identity was collapsing at once. If my life before MIT had been walking down a smooth, pleasant forest path, it was if I had been unexpectedly confronted by a sheer, smooth rock wall with no discernible points of purchase and no way over except for up. I did not know how to respond constructively to this kind of challenge. For a while, I flailed. I would come to class or to the lab, read, and try to contribute, but it was all done with a kind of self-consciousness that left me constantly distrusting and wrongfooting myself. Then I would go home to my apartment in Watertown and read, and read, and read, and try to make notes of my thoughts, and try to assemble those thoughts into a thesis, and keep thinking that if I read just one more thing it would all click and my thesis would be good, and so would the rest of my ideas. Of course, it doesnt work this way. What did work was this: one day, in January, I started writing my thesis. I wrote a few paragraphs and I rewrote them. And I wrote some more. I took a break and wrote some other stuff. Then I came back and wrote some more of my thesis. I kept doing that, a few hours at a time, every day that I could manage. I started to feel like I was building a little machine made out of my ideas. When I finished a part, I would give it to my thesis committee, and they would give it back to me and point to all the places where the little idea machine was broken. And I would take it apart and move things around until it started working better. The idea machine slowly got bigger, and it got stronger, and by April it had become a medium-sized idea machine, and the intellectual wiring no longer electrocuted everyone who touched it. Something else was happening too. I had always believed that I was ‘naturally good at some things, like reading and writing, and ‘naturally bad at others, like math and programming. I had always believed this because it had been my deeply-felt and lived experience: that I had immutable intellectual strengths and weaknesses. But now that MIT had shown me I was no longer ‘naturally good at anything, suddenly the things I had always been naturally ‘bad at didnt seem categorically different. As my friend Kasia put it, I suddenly started identifying myself less by innate intelligence and more by resilience and perseverance. So when I decided I wanted to make a Twitter bot for my final project in CMS.951, the prospect of teaching myself enough Python to do so, despite having failed at every prior attempt at learning to code in my life, no longer seemed impossible; rather, it no longer seemed less possible than the other things I simply had to do. On April 5th, 2013, I presented on my thesis. Ten days later, while I was working on it in the lab, the Marathon was bombed, and Martin was killed, and his sister lost a leg, and his brother lost a brother, and his parents lost a son, among countless other things, and I lost a friend. Three days after that, MIT lost Sean, and I lost sleep, 36 hours awake on lockdown in Watertown with helicopters pounding ceaselessly overhead. In retrospect, I almost lost my mind. My memories of the weeks between the bombing and my graduation are like shards of glass, vivid and prismatic and sharp. Working with Catherine and Rodrigo and Rahul and Nathan and Erhardt in Civic to launch a crowdfunding campaign for the Richards; Jim Paradis of CMS/W wordlessly watching us do so and then making the first, generous donation; Shannon Larkin of CMS/W and Blanche Staton of ODGE arranging a meeting to extend my thesis deadline and see what they could do to help support me; my research advisor, Ethan Zuckerman, gathering me into a huge, crushing hug; pulling another all-nighter the day before my thesis was due to finish formatting the citations and print it on the official MIT thesis paper. And then my graduation, heavily raining and unseasonably cold, having completed the task (i.e., graduating) but without feeling any sense of accomplishment. In fact, all I felt was sort of spent, and exhausted, and fragile, and hurt. We went on a family trip that summer to celebrate my graduation. When my dad got the pictures back, he called me, and he said, You know, the pictures are nice, but its weird: youre not smiling in nearly any of them. Sometimes, it just takes time to heal. Unlike many people who run, I did not grow up dreaming of running Boston. In fact, I grew up hating running. I was bad at it, like my father before me, and like his father before him. It was the family business: we had broad shoulders and skinny legs and flat feet and bad cholesterol and basically all manner of biomechanical disadvantage in the locomotion department. When I had to run the mile in high school gym class, it took me 12 minutes, and then I barfed. The furthest I had ever run in my life was five begrudging miles at a road race organized by my extended family. The last picture I have of Martin and me is from that race. The first time I ran with purpose was Saturday, April 20th, of 2013. I remember, because Monday Martin was killed, and Thursday Sean was shot, and I didnt sleep that night, and Friday was the manhunt, and then I slept for twelve hours, from nine to nine. I awoke Saturday and everything was quiet; it was the first time since Monday that I didnt hear helicopters. I walked down Church St, past the ATM the Tsarnaev brothers had used on Thursday, and down to Watertown Square, where you can cross the Charles on a footbridge. Its here that the Charles River Trail  begins, an 18-mile loop from Watertown Square down past Harvard and MIT to the Museum of Science and back again on the Boston side. The police were gone but the barricades were still there, stacked by the sidewalk. I tightened my sneakers, loosened my muscles, and went for a run. I only went a half-mile or so before I turned around and came back. It was all I could do, then, but I did it. I ran all that summer and into the fall. First a mile, then a mile and a half, then two. I signed up for an autumn half-marathon to force myself to keep training. I was so scared of just signing up that I accidentally canceled the registration twice before submitting it. In October, I applied to run the 2014 Boston Marathon as a charity runner for Team MR8. In November, I turned 27, and was given a spot on the team. In December, I moved to Cambridge, and I started running the same route, just from the other end of the river. That winter was one of the coldest in Boston history. I ran mostly along the river and sometimes, when it was too icy outside, ran endless laps of the MIT indoor track, mentally planning what I would do in the case of a zombie apocalypse. I listened to a lot of metal and ate a lot of Sour Patch Kids. Sometimes, during those long and lonely hours, Id look at the Citgo sign, or at MIT, or think of Martin, or Jane, or Sean, and start crying, just sobbing and slogging and sweating and snotting, a pathetic mess of literal and metaphorical goo, plodding along the river. But somehow, over 18 weeks, my long runs gradually, impossibly progressed, from five to ten to fifteen to twenty miles. Not because I wanted to, but because, as I told Radio Boston  the week before race, I felt I had to; that I never had a choice in the matter. And then April came, and I went to Hopkinton, gave away my first pair of single-use sweatpants, and ran the Marathon. It did not go particularly well. I hadnt trained on hills, and the course is notably hilly; it had been a cold winter, but that spring day was north of 70F. Around mile 17, my quads cramped, and then my calves, and I started to limp for the remaining 9.2 miles. At Hereford St, I stopped to stretch, and my whole body seized up; I fell to the ground and lay there twitching for a bit, unable to move. I was exhausted, completely and utterly empty, so tired that I was basically subhuman, but something deep in my lizard brain reminded me that, no matter what, I could just put one foot in front of the other for as long as is necessary. I got up, and made it across the finish line, stopping at the two trees wreathed in flowers along Boylston, five hours and seventeen minutes after I began. My friends and family were overflowing with joy; I was an empty cup, as cold and tired as I had been on my graduation day, and as unfulfilled by my achievement. I didnt want my memory of the Marathon, or my memory of Team MR8, to end like that. Last winter was the snowiest in Boston history. I ran through footpaths cut into snowbanks higher than my head. My facial hair froze. I ran down Mass Ave, across the river, and onto the route, training on the hills that had defeated me the year before. I slept more and ate better. Helicopters no longer made me flinch. When last April came, I wore the sweatpants for as long as I could before giving them away, because it was 40F and raining on race day. I cramped on the hills again, but less badly, and although there were fewer spectators, they cheered louder. I let their cheers sweep me down Beacon, up Hereford, and down Boylston. I finished in four hours and thirty-seven minutes, and even though it was slower than I had hoped, I still felt like I had won the whole thing. This winter was mild and easy. I trained harder, and ate less, trying to gain speed and lose weight at the same time, doing too much with too little. On March 12th, while on a morning run, I felt a pain on the right side of my knee. I took a few days off, but then it came back. I practiced yoga, saw a physical therapist, got a massage. I tried to run my 20 miler and could barely cover the ground walking. I was diagnosed with an overuse injury in my right IT band. Last Wednesday, I got a cortisone shot in my knee from an orthopedist who is also running the marathon. He told me it will help with the pain on race day, but it wont fix the problem. Despite all my effort (and perhaps because of it), this isnt a problem I can outwork. The only thing that will fix this problem, he said, is rest. Sometimes, it just takes time to heal. I often tell prospective students that attending MIT was the most challenging and most rewarding thing I have ever done, and the most rewarding because it was the most challenging. This is true, but it is incomplete, because it is impossible for me to separate MIT from the Marathon. They fit together, like two pieces of the same puzzle, or maybe like two puzzles that solve each other. MIT taught me that I could do things I didnt think I could do, things that seemed impossible, by breaking big problems up into small ones. I couldnt contemplate writing a thesis, but I could write a sentence, and then another one; I couldnt contemplate running a marathon, but I could take a step, and then another one. I later learned that this insight is core to what is sometimes called computational thinking, at least as it is taught here at MIT, and it changed the way that I identify, approach, and begin to solve problems in many domains of my life. To quote EL Doctorow: “its like driving your car at night. You can never see further than your headlights, but you can make the whole trip that way.” MIT also taught me that you dont become capable of doing hard things before doing them; you become capable of doing hard things by doing them. Emerson wrote: “do the thing, and you will be given the power.” The Stoics believed that what stands in the way becomes the way: it is only by moving to it, through it, and ultimately with it, that you get anywhere. I used to think I wasnt capable of programming; now, I make Twitter bots for fun. This is what “learning by doing” means to me. A few years ago, I wasnt capable of running a marathon. But I went out, and I ran, and the slopes of the hills mixed with the muscles in my legs, and now that strength is inside me. I have done the thing, and I have been given the power. In Infinite Jest, David Foster Wallace wrote that the key to staying sober as an addict in recovery is to: “keep coming, and you sweep floors and scrub out ashtrays and fill stained steel urns with hideous coffee, and you keep getting ritually down on your big knees every morning and night asking for help from a sky that still seems a burnished shield against all who would ask aid of itbut the old guys say it doesnt yet matter what you believe or dont believe, Just Do It they say, and like a shock-trained organism without any kind of independent human will you do exactly like youre told, you keep coming and coming, nightly.” Ive come to believe that this is the only way to do anything thats truly difficult but still worth doing. MIT made it possible for me to run the Marathon. Looking back, though, the Marathon has made me understand things that I wish I had known while I had been a grad student at MIT. Training for a marathon has taught me the importance of sleep and nutrition, because if I dont get enough, my body will start to break down. When I was a grad student, I didnt make time for sleep or exercise, or to eat right, and my brain suffered for it, because Descartes was wrong about dualism, and we must take care of our whole selves for any part of ourselves to improve. It is possible to overtrain your brain as much as you can overtrain your body. Ive done both. Sometimes, knowing your limits is the only way you can expand them, like gently stretching a tight muscle rather than quickly snapping it. Training for a marathon has also taught me about the importance of focusing on the journey, and not the destination. One nice thing about being a charity runner is this: by the time I begin, the people who are going to win the race have already finished, or nearly so. That means that I can focus on doing the best I can for myself under my own conditions. Setting a goal is important: if I had never set a goal to run the marathon, I would have never started training. If I hadnt set a goal to graduate from MIT on time, I would have never made it through those last few weeks in 2013. But focus too much on the goal itself, and achieving it can be anticlimactic, as when professors get depressed immediately after earning tenure. Over the last few years, Ive tried to do what Joi Ito sometimes calls following compasses over maps: trying to move forward in a direction that I want to go, as opposed to trying to follow a particular set path toward a particular destination that I may not like when I arrive there. If you take this philosophy and combine it with the computational approach, it means trying to be a bit smarter, a bit kinder, a bit more thoughtful, a bit more steadfast, every day, and trusting/hoping/believing that doing those things are going to get me where I need to be, a place I like being. Its trying to find the optimal balance between being comfortable, being complacent, and being challenged. This is the third time Ive tried to write this, and I wrote it for three reasons. For the Class of 2020: I want you to understand what MIT will take from you, and what it will leave you with. It will likely change you, in ways that you do not expect and in ways that many (though not all) of you cannot now understand. For me, this change was worth it. I would do grad school at MIT ten times out of ten. I am a better, more thoughtful, more capable person for it. If I had known then what I know now about what it would be like, how to solve hard problems, and how to care for myself, I would have been able to do MIT better, and I want to share that with you now. For current MIT students, particularly the 2016s who may soon be feeling like I did one June three years ago about their time at the Institute of Smashing: it gets better. I believe that most, hopefully all, of you will one day feel like I now do. If you dont feel it now, remember: it will take my body some time to recover from training for and running a marathon; it took my person some time to recover from studying at and graduating from MIT. Sometimes, it just takes time to heal. The last reason I wrote this was for me: for therapy, for processing, for trying to make sense of this place, for trying to make sense of this race, for trying to make sense of this world and all of its chaos. In that class I took with Jeff, the one that really shook my identity, I read a paper by the economist Robert Heilbroner, who  wrote that social scientists are driven to discover/uncover patterns in human behavior because history as contingency is too much for the human spirit to bear. And yet anthropologists have taught us that what is common to humans is not any underlying pattern that we think we see, but rather the meta-pattern of seeing-patterns. The world doesnt make sense; we all make sense of it. Over the last three years, I have used MIT and the Marathon to make sense of each other, and, with them both, the rest of the world around me. I dont know what will happen tomorrow; my injury has introduced more uncertainty to an already unknown future. I dont know if Ill run my fastest marathon or my slowest. I dont know if it will be best, my worst, or my last. What I do know is that Ill keep putting one foot in front of the other for as long as it takes to get where Im going, and that Ill try to appreciate every step along the way. edit 4/18: I finished. (Thank you, Lydia, for reading many drafts of this).

Compare and Contrast Essay - 866 Words

Compare and Contrast: â€Å"Fish Cheeks† and â€Å"Caged Bird† Rachael Becker Assignment 5 Nicole Yurchak 1/30/2014 The differences between a narrative and a descriptive essay determine the way in which the reader receives the story. The purpose of each is still very clear, to connect to the reader using story telling. In order for the reader to receive the story as intended, the author must create a clear picture of; events, settings, and purpose. In both pieces that I read, â€Å"Fish Cheeks† and â€Å"Caged Bird†, both writers were able to do this- each in their own way. The first difference between Fish Cheeks and Caged Birds is the format of the literature. Amy†¦show more content†¦In Fish Cheeks, there was well over 4 different quotations(Tan, 2013). These quotations were also from different sources- her mother and father. This is one of the factors that contributed to a good sense of understanding at the end of the reading. Taking stories from real life events in my opinion is more relatable. After reading both literary works, it is evident that Fish Cheeks was a better written piece. I feel that it would be able to relate to almost anyone. The ways that Amy Tan described the event and later on gave insight to her significant life revelation, was very touching. It is not an easy task to write about something, and be able to have others relate to you. I think that she chose a very relevant topic to our current day in age. The topics of bullying and peer pressure are very relevant to previous decades as well as this day in age. She was able to find something relative as well as relatable, which is why I would consider this a superior essay. Our society should learn a thing or two, from her experiences and what she has to share. References Angelou, M. (1983). Caged bird. Retrieved from http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/178948 Tan, A. (2013). Fish cheeks. Retrieved from http://redroom.com/member/amy-tan/writing/fish-cheeks Connell, C. M., Sole, K. (2013). Essentials of college writing (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Compare and Contrast1481 Words   |  6 Pageshabitually and carefully neat and clean can make for an interesting topic in a comparison and contrast essay. Dave Barry compares the differences of how women and men clean in his compare and contrast essay, Batting Clean- Up and Striking out. In Suzanne Britts compare and contrast essay, Neat People vs. Sloppy People she compares the differences of personalities between Sloppy people and neat people. Both essays compare cleanliness in one way or another however they both have differences regarding theirRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesDogs and Cats Compare and Contrast Essay Marielena Mendoza ENG 121 English Compositions I Instructor: Michael Gavino November 7, 2011 I. Introduction II. Dog A. Traits B. 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Letter D Coloring Book - Free Printable Pages

Bus Appendix Free Essays

If I was to open a business I would open a banquet hall. Where I live they are really famous and threes a lot of them. I would love to do this business because everybody has parties all the time and It would benefit myself and family members from It. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus Appendix or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entrepreneurs As the entrepreneur I would have to come up with enough money to locate a place to buy I wouldn’t want to rent because it would be more profit having my own space, Plus I have to buy tables and chairs as well. I would have to contract people that know how to cook and find places I can buy the food at a cheaper price. I would also have to find a place I can rent or buy my own linen for the tables and chair covers. Music is a must also or the own customer can provide that. Managers I would hire a manager that can help me stay in the banquet hall while I gather all of the above things. She would be booking parties and explaining prices and what Is Included In the package Employees The employees can help me set up tables as well as the linens and at the party they will also serve as waiters. The cooks will have all the food ready for the event, and I burglary. What behaviors and attitudes should be cultivated in your organization? I know that behaviors and attitudes will appear in the workplace especially when the event is happening. Hopefully my cooks will finish the food for like 250 people so I know they will be stressed out. My waiters will have to serve fast enough in order for everyone to eat so I know they will be frustrated that customers will be asking for this or that. I know that I will be nervous and stress out that everything comes out right. How to cite Bus Appendix, Papers

Problems of Rmg Sector free essay sample

The garment industry of Bangladesh has been the key export division and a main source of foreign exchange for the last 25 years. National labor laws do not apply in the EPZs, leaving BEPZA in full control over work conditions, wages and benefits. Garment factories in Bangladesh provide employment to 40 percent of industrial workers. But without the proper laws the worker are demanding their various wants and as a result conflict is began with the industry. Low working salary is another vital fact which makes the labor conflict. Worker made strike, layout to capture their demand. Some time bonus and the overtime salary are the important cause of crisis. Insufficient government policy about this sector is a great problem in Garments Company. There are some other problems which are associated with this sector. Those are- lack of marketing tactics, absence of easily on-hand middle management, a small number of manufacturing methods, lack of training organizations for industrial workers, supervisors and managers, autocratic approach of nearly all the investors, fewer process units for textiles and garments, sluggish backward or forward blending procedure, incompetent ports, entry/exit complicated and loading/unloading takes much time, time- consuming custom clearance etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems of Rmg Sector or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Problems Percentage (%) PrimaryProblems High Medium Low Graph: Secondary problems of Garments Industries Safety Problems Safety need for the worker is mandatory to maintain in all the organization. But without the facility of this necessary product a lot of accident is occur incurred every year in most of the company. Some important cause of the accident are given below- ? Routes are blocked by storage materials ? Machine layout is often staggered Lack of signage for escape route ? No provision for emergency lighting ? Doors, opening along escape routes, are not fire resistant. ? Doors are not self-closing and often do not open along the direction of escape. ? Adequate doors as well as adequate staircases are not provided to aid quick exit ? Fire exit or emergency staircase lacks proper maintenance ? Lack of proper exit route to reach the place of safety

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities When in pursuit of major goals, it can be very easy to get bogged down in set-backs, failed attempts, and obstacles. Having a big goal as your only end game can be extremely daunting, and can often lead to giving up. Here are 5Â  strategies for rethinking how we outline our professional goals to achieve success more quickly–without quite so much anxiety.1. Make a perspective shiftWhen Thomas Edison said he came up with 10,000 ways how not to invent the light bulb, he didn’t classify himself as a failure times 10,000. He didn’t even view these 10,000 attempts as failures; they were merely ways of ruling out the wrong strategies. The moral here is to turn your failures into stepping stones toward your success. Reframe your minor stumbling blocks into paths forward, and keep your eye on the prize.2. Sweat the small stuffAnd by sweat we mean celebrate. In going after the big goals, it’s important to keep in mind that a certain amount of patience is required. These things don’t happen overnight. Rather than slog for years to get that big brass ring, why not take a little time out to celebrate the smaller victories along the way? The added boost can build up valuable momentum and can actually help you reach your end goals in better time.3. Experience and show gratitudeThe same goes for being grateful and appreciative of what we have achieved so far. It isn’t all or nothing. It’s important to stay humble and also to realize how much more we may have achieved or realized in our careers than others who never get the chance. It’s not all about the big goal. It’s important to appreciate the milestones along the way and show a little gratitude.4. Set yourself up for successIt’s often the small, regular habits and routines that train our brains and work ethics to keep striving for success and moving forward. Make sure you’re building these habits into your workdays and goals lists. Good habits are just as hard to break!5. Be in the presentIt’s important to keep your eye on the future in setting your goals. But it’s also crucial not to lose track of the present moment. Don’t take anything for granted. Don’t disregard any project because it seems insignificant compared to your ideal finale. Realize that it’s the combination of your efforts over the years that will make your success achievable.Remember: Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. Break your larger goals down into smaller, more manageable ones- and don’t forget to celebrate when you achieve them. Reward yourself; it will keep you going! Track your progress along the way towards your ultimate end goal. But do remember to keep things in the proper perspective. If you do all this, success will be within your reach, and the journey towards it will be much more enjoyable.

Tank History essays

Tank History essays The tank, together with the airplane, opened up modern warfare, which had been immobilized and stalemated by the use of rifled guns. It was developed by the British and first employed in World War I in the battle of Flers-Courcellette, on the Somme (Sept., 1916), but it was used piecemeal, without any overriding strategy, and seemed a failure. In Nov., 1917, the tank achieved a major success at Cambrai, when 300 British tanks made a dawn attack on a 6-mi (9.7-km) front and shattered the German defenses. Before World War II tanks and tank tactics were greatly improved, and in the first campaign of that war German tank armies conquered Poland in less than a month. Whole armored divisions and corps of tanks were soon formed on both sides. In mass tank battles in Europe and N Africa the tide often tended toward the side with the most effective use of armored units. Among the great armor commanders were Erwin Rommel and George Patton. There were also specialized tanks for amphibious landings and clearing mines. Antitank weapons were developed, such as bazookas, armor-piercing shells, recoilless rifles, and antitank missiles, as well as airplanes armed with rockets and bombs. Since World War II the basic features of tanks and tank tactics have remained unchanged, but there have been refinements such as reactive armor that explodes out when hit, laser rangefinders, automatic loading, and computer systems for fire control and navigation. Antitank weapons have also been greatly improved; they now include specialized munitions capable of attacking dozens of tanks at once that are delivered by artillery or aircraft, as well as powerful infantry weapons. Tanks are particularly effective in desert fighting, as demonstrated by their use by the Israeli military and in the Persian Gulf War. Richard Edgeworth invented the Caterpillar track in 1770. In the Crimean War a small number of steam powered tractors based on this design proved very suc...

Why gas prices are so high in America Speech or Presentation

Why gas prices are so high in America - Speech or Presentation Example The rising fuel cost has compelled people to drive less. The rise in the prices of gas has resulted in a change in the American life style. (Keen and Overberg) The price rise resulted in a trade deficit in the country as it rose to 15 percent in January 2011. (U.S. trade deficit rose 15% in January on higher oil prices) Texas the second largest state in US experienced a steady rise in the gas prices. The latest data available shows that in the year 2011 the oil price in the state of Texas showed a slow but decreasing trend, where the retail gasoline price has changed from $3.727 per gallon on the 23rd of May 2011 to $3.589 per gallon on 6th June 2011. But considering the same month last year that is in 2010, the gas price has increased by 0.976 dollar per gallon. Houston the largest city of Texas has also experienced an escalation in the price of gas by 1.023 per gallon in 2011 from that of the previous year. (Retail Gasoline Historical prices)

Print Media Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Print Media Communication - Essay Example Studies conducted in this area of marketing, for instance, have encompassed other areas such as psychology and linguistics, which advanced further the scope and influence of print media advertising. In addition, print media continues to attract attention brought about by the fact that human beings are overly visual, and as aforementioned, the advent of new technology in print, bringing forth innovative approach to printing of full glossy colors, utilization of catchy copy as well as bigger production and wider distribution. Hence, the influence and appeal of print media cannot be discounted even if it faced threats from electronic media, as consumers still read, touch and hold print materials. This paper will analyze theories with regards print media communication and how these appeal to consumers in general. Moreover, three print advertisements from different sources will be evaluated based on the communication theories and psycho-linguistic studies conducted in the recent decades. The effectivity of these materials in attracting audience will also be assessed. The contribution of advertising and promotion in the evolution of language and popular culture cannot be discounted. ... Similar contentions are brought forth by Mitchell (1983) who observes that repetition within the text of a reading improves recollection of the text. Mitchell (1983) contends that a 'rhyme' and other innovations in the use of language strengthen the efficiency of the text as well as increases its memorability. Moreover, Mitchell has shown that specialized language utilized in advertisement is more memorable that literal language. This is supported by the research conducted by Craik and Tulving (1975) on the processing and retention of words. Craik and Tulving (1975) observe that the instruction of the text to 'form images from wordsleads to excellent retention.' The aforesaid is reminiscent of Hall's (1980) theory found in his article 'Encoding/Decoding' in which the author contends that viewers employ the process of 'negotiation' in their treatment of the text. Moreover, Warlaumont (1995) observes that 'ambiguity' 'contributes to involvement, polysemy, and oppositional decoding' which can further aid experts recognize the correlation with regards the design of the advertisement or how it persuades the viewers. The theory on covert and ostensive communications can also be utilized to further assess if the characteristics of the brand contribute in widening its scope and effectuality (Hackley 2006). These theories are crucial in the appraisal of the efficacy of advertising materials. III. CANON CAMERA ADVERTISEMENT Source: National Geographic Magazine, March 2006 Issue Many corporations during the past decades undertook environmental or species protection and awareness project as a part of their advertising policy. Canon employed the same strategy dubbed as Canon Evirothon. The efficacy of

Newspaper Tool To Promote Malaysia Government Propaganda Media Essay

Newspaper Tool To Promote Malaysia Government Propaganda Media Essay 1. Introduction During the pre-election, the election candidates usually will choose appropriate media as their major election tools to disseminate their asserted statements for changing government policies and convey their main purpose of gaining the ruling power from opposition parties, which may sway the voters decision of balloting. So what is media? Why does media so important during the pre-election period? The word of media is included the whole host of modern communication systems, for example cinema, television, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, radio, and interactive multimedia. These developments depend on the use of industrial technology to produce, send and receive message. Country information From the overview coaches and trainees that like working journalists will need to do some intensive research before they arrive in an unfamiliar country. It is enormously beneficial to have a basic understanding on the country. That included their demographics, culture and history, as well as the current political situation and their media environment. This information is important in setting the context for the specific election. They also need to know about the specific conditions of the election. We will able to country information thought todays internet system and also some country-specific guidebooks. Besides that, the local governments websites will also present some basic information on the countrys population, economic conditions and health standards to educational levels. In examining guidebooks, we also can look for information such as life expectancy and number of citizens of voting age, extent of literacy, different ethnic groups, religions and languages, and urban and r ural populations. These are factors to consider in guiding media coverage of an election campaign because they identify important groups of voters, challenges to voter education, and regions or issues which otherwise might be neglected. However in Malaysia, the Sultan is elected by hereditary state rulers to serve a 5-year term. Prime Minister is designated by parliament. In the Senate (Dewan Negara), 44 members are appointed by the monarch to serve 3-year terms and 26 members are elected by the state legislatures to serve 3-year terms*. In the House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) 222 members are elected by direct popular vote to serve 5-year terms. Political context Political background Election is about few political parties are competing with each other for the popular support and power, so it is essential to know the basic facts about the political history of the country. There may be facts or events which play a symbolic or special role in the parties campaigns because of how they are perceived by the voters. Information such as the date of the countrys independence, major internal and trans-boundary conflicts, and the names of former heroes or villains, who may become an issue or rallying point in the campaign, should be identified. These kinds of considerations also apply in the case of referenda. Other factors to examine include the pattern of stability of previous governments, and the role of the army or other forces, or foreign interventions in the duration of past governments. Beside that, the structure of government and leading figures like presidency, parliamentary democracy, monarchy, and so on. Current political landscape Beside that, the current political landscape or immediate context on the election is an essential knowledge for coaches to know. They need to learn what key issues arose during the term of Coaching Manual for Media Support during Elections. For example, the country information, and the previous government works; on how they were handled and whether they caused this election. Coaches should know the names of the main political parties, their central ideologies and leaders, and relative strength and popularity. This kind of information aids coaches in assessing whether election reporting is balanced. Other factors that under consideration are include the extent of democracy, the strength and activity of civil society in public life, the courts and authorities respect for the rule of law and human rights, extent of corruption and lawlessness, and the economic or political disparity between identity groups. In addition to media reports and country profiles, organisations such as Human Ri ghts Watch and Amnesty International, Freedom House, the International Crisis Group, and the United Nations Development Programmes human develop meant indicators can provide such assessments. Coaches will also usually find the reports and staff of international observer teams monitoring the election to be helpful and well-informed. For Malaysia, it is a country which is seem to be a long and drawn out struggle to what is now some resemblance of a democratic nation much like its neighbours Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor (admittedly East Timor isnt a direct neighbour but its in the hood).   This country experiences significant problems domestically with extremes in poverty and wealth.   There are seemingly an endless string of problems with labour and workers rights, as well as significant issues with deforestation and continued infringements on human rights.   What makes 2010 significant for Malaysia is that despite its apparent problems, the most significant of them being the domestic political turmoil, there appears to be progress towards better transparency? However the problems for the incumbent leadership really are about domestic issues and how to keep their country from quickly sliding backwards after years of relatively steady economic growth albeit underpinned by the International Mon etary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. With growing extremist populism in politics taking root even in the moderate political parties, the country faces growing isolation as other countries attempt to work to resolve Western sentiment of the region being riddled with terrorism, extremist organisations and terrorist training camps.   There are many unresolved problems between different ethnic groups, especially involving Malaysian Chinese. The media environment The first priority is to identify the principles of the countrys media freedoms and regulations. Coaches must then determine the practical realities of these freedoms and regulations. In some countries there may be wide-ranging protection for media freedoms in the constitution or in legislation but the freedoms are much abused or ignored by authorities or journalists in daily life. Media regulations among the essential media regulations to examine are: Constitutional guarantees for a free press: Do they exist in law? Do the courts protect them effectively against government or other interests harassment, intimidation, assault? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Media regulation bodies (press councils and radio-television regulators): What powers do they have? Are they independent of government? Are they free of corruption? Do they defend media freedoms? Do they fairly discipline irresponsible media? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Content restrictions: Are there laws which censor what the media can report or offer as opinions? Who imposes these restrictions? Is there an appeal to the courts? Are there laws against hate speech? Is criminal libel used to suppress published criticism of government? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Internet: Is it widely available? Is it regulated or censored? Is it influential? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ownership restrictions: Is media ownership determined by government, by law, or by free market competition? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Journalist registration/accreditation: Is there any law defining who can be a journalist? Who administers the law? Is this law used to restrict free expression? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Broadcast media: How is it regulated? Is licensing conducted fairly? Is public or state broadcasting treated differently than private broadcasting? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Are there Access-to-Information laws? Are they effective? Are they blocked by secrecy laws, political interference or bureaucratic obstruction? Firstly, newspaper is the best way to research because it is a regularly scheduled publication containing news, information, and advertising, has emerged as one of the important media throughout the entire world. However, its multifunctional purpose has caused it to be manipulated in many forms. In Malaysia, the most obvious manipulation towards newspaper is in the form of political view. Political parties especially the ones who act as the rulers of the country are continuously taking advantage in the name of veto power to use newspaper as the primary tool to promote their propaganda. (Media Stereotyping: Reporting War and Terrorism, 2007). As a definition, propaganda stands for a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus possi bly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. It is proven as it is used in the ancient times; the Roman Empire published Acta Diurna, or government announcement bulletins, around 59 BC, as ordered by Julius Caesar. (Acta Diurna, 2010). Looking back during the National Election campaign in 2008, the Barisan Nasional governments launched their massive political campaign through the means of newspaper and other forms of media to sell out their propaganda in order to influence the minds of the citizens to vote for them. To make things easier, they are the rulers of this country and thus, no one can put the barrier on them on what-so-called restriction of press. The determination of press freedom is on their hands. However, in the campaign, they suf fered the most humiliating defeat in the history of Malaysia as they lost five states to the opposition sides, Pakatan Rakyat; Kelantan, Kedah, Perak, Selangor, and Penang. How could it happen? This situation lied on several factors. The non-government newspapers played their role in publishing news on the truth behind every promise made by the governments sold out to the society during the election campaign. This actually worked out as citizens realised that they could not be continuously cheated off by the fake promise. It can be said here that propaganda does not always work the way it should. Currently, the issue of the concept of 1Malaysia is another case regarding the manipulation of newspaper by the authorities to promote their propaganda. The introduction of this concept has been massively spread out to the mass audience via various kinds of mass media including newspapers. The spreading out can be classified as successful as everyone is talking about 1Malaysia now. However, the concept, introduced by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, is still on the surface and the truth behind it is hidden from the acknowledgement of the public. 1Malaysia conce pt is still blurred and confusing. Everybody seems to accept the propaganda without realising the effects on them. The most obvious effect that will someday happen is that it harms and destroys the special rights enjoyed by the bumiputra especially Malays. Before things turn from worst to worse, Pakatan Rakyat try to stop the citizens from getting carried away by the cheat through the only medium they are able to; newspapers owned by them. Is it going to work? Conclusion In this research, there are three main problem statements that are aimed to be found out. The first problem statement is that newspaper is being used as the primary tool to promote Malaysia government propaganda. The matter that is about to be conveyed is the advantage enjoyed by the government to simply use their veto power to spread their propaganda. Newspapers like Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, New Straits Times and many others are owned by the government. The question is that are these puppets being manipulated to do the promotion on behalf of the Barisan Nasional government neither directly or indirectly to set up the minds of the society. The second one is that the use of newspaper as a medium of spreading government propaganda is effective and giving impacts to the society or it is either occurring the other way around. The governments are the ones who act as the gatekeeper to all media including print media like newspaper. They pick what to publish and eliminate news that i s risky to harm them. The question whether it is totally effective or not in manipulating the citizens minds will be answered in the findings of this research. Last but not least, the opposition-own newspapers are also playing their role in revealing the hidden truth behind every propaganda of the ruler of this country and how effective their messages in setting up citizens minds? Newspapers like Suara Keadilan and Harakah are owned by the opposition sides. This research will reveal whether they succeed in showing the truth behind the propaganda of the government in the high-risk situation of do-or-die as there is a very high possibility that the government will misuse their power in stopping these kinds of newspapers to continue showing their true colours. Harvard-style for List of References

Computer Technology: Ethical Issues and Codes Essay

Computer and networking tools provide considerable potential and capability principally as a means for communication, cooperation, and as delivery intervention. Internet users, for instance, benefit from the independence of carrying out various transactions, as well as counseling, through the Net. With this liberty, though, comes a significant accountability to utilize computers and the Internet especially, in a way which is secure, safe, ethical, and makes contribution to the general welfare of those involved. Counselors should commit themselves to knowing and being aware of the risks involved in utilizing computers and employing the internet superhighway. Sabella, R. A. (1999) noted what the computer and Internet technologies have generated relative to counseling issues: addiction of the internet, accessibility, pornography, sexual harassment online, safety, and security. With growing responsiveness, counselors can be more effective in making decisions regarding their behavior and computing online. One crucial issue of ethical computer utilization is the matter of confidentiality. The relationship of counselor and client is confidential and involves conformity with ethical standards, policies and laws relating to confidentiality. In Computer, ethics, and the school counselor (1988), Mudore presented a number of recommendations for counselors for safeguarding the privacy of records and making sure that the information is only accessed by authorized persons. These recommendations include: keeping the computer in a private area in order that student information can be keyed in confidentially; putting counseling records relating to student information on a backup storage disk; marking counseling disks in code instead of marking them â€Å"Student Information or Student Data;† protecting unauthorized copying of disks by detaching disk tabs, securing up disks, and not permitting disks to be taken out from their storage location; encoding a password before a computer can be opened to prevent unauthorized access on the hard drive; talking to other staff to convey concerns regarding privacy; and informing the school community regarding the challenges and issues generated by computer technology. It was also recommended by Sampson and Pyle (1983) that: only vital and essential information are kept; the information is accurate; the data are destroyed when these are no longer necessary to provide services; separate identifiable data is not maintained to which there is computer network access; and, separate identifiable information is not utilized for research reasons without the permission and approval of those who provided the information. Word processing programs and database programs are nowadays equipped with the ability to provide a file password. The benefit to these software programs is that if there is a password assign to the file, the file is encrypted in code and made it unreadable. Even though there is a possibility of cracking or hacking the code, it would take considerably broad programming knowledge in computer and access to the encrypted files. The disadvantage of employing this security aspect is that if the assigned password is forgotten by the counselor, then it is also pose a difficulty for the counselor to retrieve and access the file. It is, therefore, essential to write down passwords and accordingly put them in secure and safe access. It is likewise necessary to change passwords at regular intervals to further prevent infringement of confidentiality in the occasion a data file is stolen or unauthorized access. Passwords, on the other hand, should not be created by employing such characters as names, adjectives or birthdays that are quite obvious and easily deciphered. Passwords should be created using a combination of numbers and letters that are quite difficult if not impossible to decode and crack. Even though security measures and encryption have highly become sophisticated, illegal and unpermitted access to online communications continues to be a possibility without greater attention to security methods. Counselors who effectively practice online must not only legally protect but ethically safeguard their clients, themselves and their profession by employing all available and necessary security procedures. Other likely issues in using computer technology include: Competency. The counselor and the client should be sufficiently computer literate for the network environment to become a workable interactive counseling medium; Specific Locations. A possible lack of comprehension on the part of remote counselors of conditions, cultural issues, and events relating to specific locations that influence clients may limit credibility of a counselor or may lead to unsuitable interventions in counseling; Equitable Access. Does the price of online access present another impediment for getting hold of counseling? Does online counseling alienate further prospective clients who most possibly need counseling? Though having access to the Net, can a client proficiently engage online counseling without having a computer experience? Online counseling appears to aggravate equitable issues already dealing face to face counseling. Credential. How will licensing laws and certification apply to the World Wide Web as state borders are electronically crossed over? Will counselors be needed to be licensed and certified in all states or countries where the clients are situated? Will online counseling really be the thrust for a national credential acknowledged by all states? Is there a necessity to move for worldwide credentialing? Who will supervise international or out of state complaints? Cyber Care. Can counselors promote the advancement of real working relationships, caring and trusting on the Net? Cyber Client identity. Do you really know your online client? Does the client show himself or herself as an adult but in fact is a minor? Could the client have disguised his or her race, gender, or other personal information that could jeopardize the soundness or reliability of the counselor’s efforts? Counselors can make the plunge into cyberworld and apply present ethical standards and guidelines to carry out themselves in an ethical manner. Issues exist however but certainly the future will provide a platform in what signifies to be ethical as the precise nature of online counseling is learned.

Literary genres Essay

lit ·er ·a ·ture (ltr–chr, -chr) noun. 1. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture. 2. Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value:†Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity† (Rebecca West). 3. The art or occupation of a literary writer. 4. The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field:medical literature. 5. Printed material: collected all the available literature on the subject. 6. Music All the compositions of a certain kind or for a specific instrument or ensemble: the symphonic literature. 1.  written material such as poetry, novels, essays, etc. , esp works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest 2. the body of written work of a particular culture or people Scandinavian literature 3. written or printed matter of a particular type or on a particular subject scientific literature the literature of the violin 4. printed material giving a particular type of information sales literature 5. the art or profession of a writer 6. Obsolete learning 1. writing in prose or verse regarded as having permanent worth through its intrinsic excellence. 2. the entire body of writings of a specific language, period, people, etc. 3. the writings dealing with a particular subject. 4. the profession of a writer or author. 5. literary work or production. 6. any kind of printed material, as circulars, leaflets, or handbills. 7. Archaic. literary culture; appreciation of letters and books. | literature – the humanistic study of a body of literature; â€Å"he took a course in Russian lit. literary study – the humanistic study of literatureliterature – creative writing of recognized artistic value| | | literature – published writings in a particular style on a particular subject; â€Å"the technical literature†; â€Å"one aspect of Waterloo has not yet been treated in the literature†piece of writing, written material, writing – the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); â€Å"the writing in her novels is excellent†; â€Å"that editorial was a fine piece of writing†literature – creative writing of recognized artistic valuehistoriography – a body of historical literature| | | literature – the profession or art of a writer; â€Å"her place in literature is secure†profession – an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)literature – creative writing of recognized artistic valueTypes of Literature: Fictional Literature Drama: Drama is the theatrical dialog performed on stage, it consists of 5 acts. Tragedy, comedy and melodrama are the sub types of drama. e. g William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan dramatist composed the plays Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear that are famous because of its combination of tragedy and comedy. Problem play, farce, fantasy, monologue and comedy of manners are some kinds of drama. Tragedy: It is a story of the major character who faces bad luck. Tragedy, elements of horrors and struggle usually concludes with the death of a person. The Illiad and The Odyssey by Homer are the two famous Greek tragedies. Comedy: The lead character overcomes the conflicts and overall look of the comedy is full of laughter and the issues are handled very lightly. The elements used in the comedy are romanticism, exaggeration, surprises and a comic view of life. Melodrama: Melodrama is a blend of two nouns – ‘melody’ and ‘drama’. It is a musical play most popular by 1840. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is one of the most popular plays describing cruelty of labor life. It has happy ending like comedy. Tragicomedy: The play that begins with serious mode but has a happy ending is tragicomedy. Prose Literature History, journalism, philosophy, fiction and fantasy writings, scientific writings, children’s literature authors and writers are included in Prose Literature. Myth Myths are the fairy tales with lots of adventure, magic and it lacks scientific proof. Nursery rhymes, songs and lullabies are forms of myths that strike the interest of children. Creative and nature myth are stories of the stars and moon. Magic tales are wonderful tales of quests and fantasy. Hero myths are ideal heroes of adventure. Short story  The small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, smaller than a novel is known as short story. Short stories are well-grouped that followed the sequence of easy and no complexity in beginning, concrete theme, some dialogs and ends with resolution. They are oral and short-lived which have gossip, joke, fable, myth, parable, hearsay and legend. Novel Novel can be based on comic, crime, detective, adventurous, romantic or political story divided into many parts. The major kinds of novels are: Allegory: The symbolic story revolves around two meanings. What the writer says directly is totally different from the conveyed meanings at the end. Political and Historical allegory are two forms of Allegory. Comedy: Satire is very common form in comedy novels and tries to focus on the facts of the society and their desires. Epistolary: The collection of letters or mails is the epistolary novels. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela and Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrew are the few examples of Epistolary novels. Feminist: These types of novels are written by women writers around the world to describe the place of women in a male dominated society. E. g Virginia Woolf’s â€Å"A Room of one’s Own†. Gothic: Gothic fiction is the combination of both horror and romance. Melodrama and parody were grouped in the Gothic literature in its early stages. Ironic: Ironic novels are known for excessive use of narrative technique. It is satire on the contemporary society about cultural, social and political issues. Realism: The realistic novels are based on the truths of ordinary society and their problems. It focuses on the plot, structure and the characters of the novel. Romance: Love and relationship topics are handled optimistically in the romantic novels. It originated in western countries; basically the story revolves around love affairs of main characters. Some popular sub categories of romantic novels are paranormal, erotic, suspense, multicultural and inspirational romance. Narration: In narrative style, writer becomes the third person who narrates whole story around the characters. Naturalism: Naturalism is based on the theory of Darwin. Picaresque: It is opposite to romance novels as it involves ideals, themes and principles that refuse the so-called prejudices of the society. Psychological: It’s the psychological prospective of mind with a resolution. Satire: Satirical novels criticize the contemporary society. The most famous novels are Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (1726), Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim (1954), George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Randell Jarrell’s Pictures from an Institution (1954). Stream of Consciousness: James Joyce’s stream of consciousness is all about the thought coming up in the minds of the readers. A novel also constitutes categories on social and political aspects like proletarian, psychological, protest novel, government, didactic, materialist novel, allegorical novel, novel of engagement, naturalistic novel, Marxist novel, radical novel, revolutionary novel, anti-war novel, utopian novel, futuristic novel, anarchist novel, problem novel, social philosophy novel, novel of ideas, problem play and speculative novel. Folk Tale Folk Tales are traditional stories that have been creating interest since ancient times. The children and old persons like religious story, magic and superstition as well. Fable, tall tales, cumulative, trickster and proverbs are the sub categories of folk tales. Mythology or legend is the ancient religious stories of origin and human civilization such as story of Robin Hood. Types of poetry Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in the tranquility. Greek poetry is found in free verse and we have rhymes in the Persian poem. Are you wondering how to write a poem, here are the followings forms of poem? Sonnet: Sonnet is the short poem of 14 lines grouped into Shakespearean and Italian sonnets. Ballad: The poems that are on the subject matter of love and sung by the poet or group of singers as telling readers a story. Elegy: This type of poem is the lamenting of the death of a person or his near one. Elegy Written in Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray is one of the famous poems marked as sad poems of the ages. Ode: Ode is the formal and long poem serious in nature. Allegory: Allegory is the famous form of poetry and is loved by the readers because of its two symbolic meanings. One is the literal meaning and another is the deep meaning. Epic and Mock epic: Epics are the narrative poems that convey moral and culture of that period. The Odyssey and Iliad are one of the largest philosophical epics written by Samuel Butler. Rape of the Lock is the great mock epic focusing on the minor incident of cutting of a curl. Lyric: It has Greek origin that gives a melody of imagery. It is the direct appeal of a poet to the readers about any incident or historical events. Lyrics are most of the time similar to ode or sonnets in the form. Nonfiction Literature: Nonfiction Literature is opposite to fiction as it is informative and comprises the interesting facts with analysis and illustrations. Main types of Non- fiction literature Autobiography and Biography An autobiography is the story of the author’s own life. ‘Family Life at the White House’ by Bill Clinton is focused on his life and achievements. ‘Wings of fire’ by Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Mein kampf of Adolph Hitler are the autobiography books on real life. Essay Generally the authors’ point of view about any particular topic in a detailed way is an essay. Essay has simple way of narrating the main subject; therefore they are descriptive, lengthy, subject oriented and comparative. Different types of essay: Personal essay, expository essay type, response essay, process essay, persuasive essay, argumentative essay, critical essay type, interview essay, reflective essay type, evaluation, observation essay, comparison type of essay, application essay, compare and contrast essay and narrative essay type. Literary criticism It is the critical study of a piece of literature. Here critics apply different theories, evaluation, discussion and explanation to the text or an essay to give total judgments. Plato, Aristotle, T. S. Eliot, Saussure and Frye are some of the famous critics. Travel literature It is the narration of any tour or foreign journey with the description of the events, dates, places, sights and author’s views. Francis Bacon’s natural philosophies in the middle of Seventeenth century is one famous example of travel literature. Diary Diaries are the incidents recorded by the author without any means of publishing them. It is the rough work of one’s daily routine, happenings, memorable days or events in their life. E. g. Anne Frank’s ‘Diary of a Young Girl’ was published by her father in 1940s; it’s a story of a girl trapped during German invade Amsterdam. Diaries consists of business letters, newsletters, weather listing. In today’s world of Internet, writers write in blogs, forums, polls and social networking sites to convey their thoughts. This also is a form of diary writing. Some profound forms of diaries are online diary, travel, sleep, tagebuch, fictional, dream and death diaries. Journal Journal is one of types of diaries that records infinite information. They are of following types: Personal: It is for personal analysis. In this journal one can write his goal, daily thoughts, events and situations. Academic: It is for students who do research or dissertation on particular subjects. Creative journals: Creative journals are the imaginative writing of a story, poem or narrative. Trade: Trade journals are used by industrial purposes where they dictate practical information. Dialectical: This journal is use by students to write on double column notebook. They can write facts, experiments, and observation on the left side and right side can be a series of thoughts and response with an end. Newspaper It is a collection of daily or weekly news of politics, sports, leisure, fashion, movies and business. Magazine Magazines can be the current affairs or opinions well collected covering various content. Frame Narrative The psychoanalysis of human mind is present in a frame narrative. Here we find another story within the main story. Some of the popular narratives are Pegasus, Wuthering Heights, The Flying Horse, The Three Pigs, A Time to keep and the Tasha Tudor Book of Holidays. Outdoor literature Outdoor literature is the literature of adventure that gives whole exploration of an event. Exciting moments of life such as horse riding, fishing, trekking can be a part of literature. Some outdoor books are ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain, ‘Treasure Island’ by Robert Louis, ‘Voyages’ by Richard Hakluyt and ‘A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush’ by Eric Newby. Narrative form of Literature Today we find movies, audio and video CD’s and Cassettes that present current literature in use. Digital poetry is an upcoming trend too. Comic books, cartoons, eBook and Internet games are the learning methods for children. Literature includes centuries, human nature, cultures and souls. Isn’t it? Read more at Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/types-of-literature. html|